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張菡病理 - Coggle Diagram
張菡病理
skin disease
巨觀病灶
exocoriation
lichenification
macule, patch
papule , nodule
plaque
pustule
scale
vesicle, bulla, blister
wheal
微觀病灶
acanthosis
dyskeratosis
hyperkeratosis
papillomatosis
parakeratosis
spongiosis
acute inflammatory dermatoses
urticaria、hives: type 1 hypersensitivity
acute eczematous dermatitis
allergic contact dermatitis: type IV hypersensitivity
erythema multiforme: CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte
chronic inflammatory dermatoses
psoriasis : munro's microabscesses
Lichen planus: wickham striae
infectious dermatoses
acne vulgaris
verrucae/wart：HPV6、7感染
molluscum contagiosum：poxvirus痘病毒感染，mulluscum body
tumor of the skin
seborrheic keratosis（脂漏性角化症）：中老年，FGFR3突變，也有可能是paraneoplastic syndrome，horn cyst , pseudo horn cyst
actinic keratosis（光化性角化症）：TP53，癌前病變，紫外線曝曬
squamous cell carcinoma，老人，男性，TP53、RAS病變，第16型HPV
basal cell carcinoma: PTCH1突變，GTL1促成細胞發育與分化
melanocytic proliferation
melanocytic nevus=mole
dysplastic nevi
melanoma
水平，loss of p16，垂直，loss of p53，metastasis轉移
dermatofibroma
dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
other tumor
cylindroma：管狀瘤，頭巾腫瘤，turban tumor，CYLD突變
trichoepithelioma毛髮上皮瘤
sebaceous adenoma皮脂腺瘤，Muir-Torre syndrome
pilomatrixoma毛髮基質瘤: CTNB1 mutation
apocrine carcinoma頂分泌腺體上皮癌: decapitating secretion
disease of oral cavity and salivary glands
salivary glands
parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
minor salivary glands
congenital anomaly
cleft lip:兔唇，maxillary prominence癒合失敗，男生，應享美觀
cleft palate
oral inflammatory lesions
鵝口瘡
口腔潰瘍
單純皰疹病毒感染
上皮增生性，腫瘤性病變
纖維增生
fibroma
pyogenic granuloma
白斑＆紅斑
鱗狀細胞癌
唾液腺病變＆腫瘤
病變
口乾症
Sjogren syndrome
Sialadenitis
腫瘤
多型性腺瘤
沃辛氏腫瘤
黏液表皮樣癌
齒源性囊腫
腺樣囊狀癌
齒源性腫瘤
eye disease
感染性
結膜炎
麥粒腫
雨散粒腫
砂眼trachoma
屈光異常
myopia近視
hyperopia遠視
老花眼：presbyopia
幼兒眼疾：先天性色盲、青光眼（牛眼）、白內障（德國麻疹）、眼炎（梅毒）、斜視、弱視
退化性眼疾
老年人失明三大原因，糖尿病視網膜病變，黃斑部退化，青光眼
腫瘤
orbital inflammatory pesudotumor ：慢性發炎，纖維化
sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid ，眼皮上最常見的其實是basal cell carcinoma
conjunctival nevus : 良性的痣 inflamed juvenile nevus
conjunctival melanoma :單側惡性腫瘤
retinoblastoma: 兒童最常見的惡性腫瘤，分化完全的光受器細胞可以看到，
Flexner-wintersteiner rosettes
metaastatic tumor : 前列腺轉移造成，也可以從鼻竇直接侵犯，會造成眼周瘀青
disease of upper respiratory system
nose
infectious rhinitis
allergic rhinitis : type 1 reaction
polyps :灰白色葡萄狀粘膜增生
chronic rhinitis
sinusitis鼻竇炎，單側maxillary sinusitis 蛀牙，牙周病，kartagner syndrome
nose tumor
sinonasal papilloma：良性的與HPV type6跟11有關，向內生長，復發率非常高
nasopharyngeal carcinoma：epstein-barr virus , canton tumor , undifferentiated carcinomas ，侵犯頸部第五第六對腦神經，放射線治療為主
larynx
reactive nodules：singer's nodule
squamous cell papilloma and paillomatosis：true vocal cords，HPV type 6 &11
laryngeal carcinoma：鱗狀上皮癌，抽煙有關，hyperplasia dysplasia carcinoma ，與HPV16感染有關
neck disease
branchial cyst: cervical lymphoepithelial cyst
thyroglossal duct cyst
paraganglioma: carotid body tumor
ear disease
ear
otitis media病毒感染
cholesteaoma
otosclerosis：會導致hearing loss
ear tumor
carcinoma大多在外耳道，可以侵犯到腦或頸部
paraganglioma，交感副交感神經節產生，中耳常見