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LANGUAGE AND ORAL STYLE, SPEAKING APPROPRIATELY, SPEAKING ACCURATELY,…

- - - - Language that demonstrates through word choices an ethical concern for fairness and respect with regard to race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc.
      - Adapt to cultural diversity
        
        You need to adapt your language to be appropiate to your listeners.
        
        Avoid offensive language
        
        Show sensitivity by avoiding offensive humor. Jokes may not be intended to be offensive, but if some listeners are offended, you will have lost verbal inmediacy.
        
        Avoid profanity and vulgarity
        
        In some settings, even the crudest and offensive terms are so commonly used that speakers and listeners alike have become desensitized.
        
        Shun gate speech
        
        Hate speech is the used of words and phrases to demean another person of group and to express the speaker's hatred and prejudice toward that person or group.
- - - - Thus, context (the position of a word in a sentence and its relationship to the other words around it) has an important effect in correctly interpreting which denotation is meant.
    - - The positive, neutral or negative feelings or evaluations we associate with a word.
      - Dialect
        
        A regional variaty of a language.
- - - - Using familiar terms is just as important
        as using specifi c words. Avoid jargon,
        slang, abbreviations, and acronyms unless
        you define them clearly the first time
        they are used and using them is central to your speech goal.
        
        Jargon: Unique technical terminology of a trade or profession that is not generally understood by outsiders
      - Provide details and examples
        
        The word we use may not have a precise synonym. In these situations, clarity can be achieved by adding details or examples
        
        Limit vocalized pauses
        
        Vocalized pauses are unnecessary words interjected into sentences to fi ll moments of silence. Words commonly used for this purpose are “like,” “you know,” “really,” “basically,” as well as “um” and “uh.” We sometimes refer to vocalized pauses as “verbal garbage” because they do not serve a meaningful purpose and actually distract listeners from the message.
- - - - Rhetorical figures of speech make striking comparisons between things that are not obviously alike and so help listeners visualize or internalize what you are saying
        
        simile: a direct comparison of dissimilar things using like or as
        
        metaphor: an implied comparison between two unlike things without using like or as
        
        analogy: an extended metaphor