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intellectual development - Coggle Diagram
intellectual development
piaget
- swiss psychologist
- most influential development psychologist
in history
- known for his cognitive development
- believes that learning is an
active process of construction
rather than
rote memorization
cognitive development
cognition
Mental processes by which knowledge is acquired,
elaborated, stored, retrieved, and used to solve problems.
-
main elements
-
the 4 stages
pre operational
2-7y
- can understand the
use of symbols n language
- symbolic thinking
(pretend play)
- deve basic numerical abilities
- 1 more item...
concrete operational
11-15y
- knows now that 1= 1object
- main characteristic
reversibility
(can think back in a sequential fashion)
-
sensory motor
0-24m
- explores the world arnd them
using the senses
- 1st suckin/grasping
- n later motor skills develop rapidly
n can reach for things out of reach
- actions discovered 1st thru accident
- are repeated n applied to new situations
to obtain same results
- cam form primitive mental images
- 1 more item...
formal operational
7-11y
- can think about future
- the abstract (time,space,justice)
- hypothetical problem
- able to logically use symbols
related to abstract concepts
(algebra)
- can consider possibilities
(all possible ways a
problem can be solved)
- develops an inner
value system
n a sense of
moral judgment
the 4 processes
accommodation
- the process of creating new schema
or the modification of old schema
-
assimilation
- the process of integrating new
knowledge into the existing ones)
disequilibrium
a state of confusion and discomfort;
when the new information does not fit
with the existing structure or schema
eg:
- banging is a favourite scheme
used by babies-to explore the world
- assimilation is when they use different
objects to bang
- accommodation is if a raw is banged it breaking
n doesnt fit into the existing scheme
- only when we go through all the stages -we are able to reach full human intelligence
- development is the combined results of
-maturation of the brain n nervous system
-n experiences that help children adapt to new environments
criticisms
- underestimate the ability of children
methodologically flawed
- used observations of his own children
- observations may be biased as only he observed
- cannot be generalised to the whole population
- children often grasp ideas earlier than he found
- cogn dev across domains is inconsistant( better at reading tha math
- development can be accelerated
- underestimate the impact of culture
-