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Hard tissue lesions - Coggle Diagram
Hard tissue lesions
Osteosarcoma
Characteristics: pain and swelling, loose teeth, numbness. Dysesthesia Burning mouth and tingling.
Dental implications: tooth mobility, Welling and Payne are common. Fractures may be a concern. Widening of the periodontal ligament is common. This may be a very early sign and should be taken very seriously and viewing radiographs
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Treatment and prognosis: chemotherapy with complete surgical removal of van lesions. Clear margins must be obtained.Survival rate varies
Etiology: occupational exposure to toxic materials, mutation of RB gene and P3 past radiation and chemo therapy exposure
Ewing Sarcoma
Characteristics: lesions involve pain swelling numbness and mobility. Destruction of the alveolar bone and ulceration of the gingiva
Dental implications: hard tissue growth should be evaluated and a clear diagnosis is made. With all detectable and diagnosed entities close follow up as needed
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Treatment and prognosis: surgery, radiation and chemo therapy. There is a 60 to 80% survival rate. 20% will also have metastasis to lungs
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Torus palatinus MD
Dental implications: occasionally bony growth may interfere with speech, eating and toothbrushing
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Characteristics: found in the midline of the pallet as an enlarged growth of bone. Mandibular is found on the lingual aspect of the mandible
Treatment and prognosis these are only a problem if a partial or full denture needs to be made. Sometimes surgical removal is needed for these prosthesis. Prognosis is great
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Ameloblastoma
Characteristics: facial asymmetry may be present. Painless swelling usually in the posterior mandible
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Treatment and prognosis: surgical removal with clear margins. Followed up with periodic radiographs as neededPrognosis is good when timely treatment is rendered.
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Chronic osteomyelitis
Characteristics: appears as a bony hard asymptomatic protuberance with normal tissue covering the growth. Usually found in the posterior region of the mandible
Treatment: removal with scalpel, laser, cryo-surgery or electrosurgery
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Dental implications diagnosis and treatment will help prevent transmission. Carefully evaluating the etiology of the lesions is needed since medical referral may be needed. If HPV 16 is detected there is a higher risk of anogenital carcinoma and oral pharyngeal carcinoma
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Ossifying fibroma
Characteristics: non-painful swelling often detected clinically but evident in a radiograph. Root resorption or divergence may be seen in radiographs
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Chondosarcoma
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Dental implications: follow up and careful monitoring is needed. Any PDL space that is widened should be carefully evaluated. May occur in other areas of the body
Characteristics: nasal obstruction, mobility, widening of the periodontal ligament. Early development procedures no pain. Pain occurs when size increases. Route divergence is often seen
Treatment and prognosis: a five-year survival rate of 15%. Excision depending upon the size. MRI scans to determine the size
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references
Delong, L & Burkhart, N. (2019). General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer.
Langlais, R, Miller, C., & Gehrig, J. (2017). Color Atlas of Common Oral Diseases. Fifth Edition. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer.