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CHAPTER 8 : ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 8 : ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES
INNOVATION SOCIAL ISSUES IN IT
Invention
: creation of a product or introduction of a process for the first time
(Thomas Edison)
Innovation
: improves on or makes a significant contribution to something that has already been invented
(Steve Jobs)
TYPES OF INNOVATION
● Produce new goods previously unknown for customers
● Introduce new production process previously unknown in industry
● Exploiting new markets
● New sources of purchasing raw materials and semi-prepared products
● New ways of organizing business activities
ETHICS OF INNOVATION:
Innovators need to defend their innovation
Often overlooked because the focus is on technology
RULES OF INNOVATION
Innovations are new to a community
People affected by and have an effect on an innovation
Innovation disrupt the status quo
Innovations are a shared responsibility
Successful innovations require continual modifications
Features matter
CHANGING COMMUNICATION PARADIGM
Communication
Imparting, conveying or exchange of ideas, knowledge, information
Paradigm
describe the set of experiences, beliefs and values that affect the way an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception
Communication paradigm
A pattern or model that allows people to communicate to another person in order to give information about people needs and desires
IT AND COMMUNITY ISSUES
Community and Isolation
The access issue
EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON COMMUNITY
Education
enhance learning and the learning process
Health care
make the life of handicapped community easier
Business
Telecommuting provides benefit to business and enhance the quality of life for employees
Home
create security in our home
Culture: Eastern, Western and Malaysian Societies
EASTERN
INDIA
● Created a trend known as “frugal innovation
● Frugal innovation that can be describe as a low-cost solutions to local problems
● Aadhar project
CHINA
CHINA - BEFORE
Strict hierarchy
Education system that are too focused on test scores
CHINA - AFTER
Now, China is making a breakthrough in B2C & B2B sectors. (eg: Alibaba.
WESTERN
USA
● Innovation interest veer towards incremental change & efficiencies.
● Disruptive (unsettling) innovation become the central to America’s entrepreneurial culture.
● Creative destruction drives market, displaces older technology/idea with new and offers consumers value they did not dream up yet.
●They maximize innovation culture by increasing number of graduates in science and engineering, reform immigration policies and invest in technological innovation.
MALAYSIA
2010
● Malaysia’s Innovation Year
● Resource based economy 🡪 Innovation-driven economy
2013
● Agensi Inovasi Malaysia (AIM) was created.
● Work with PEMANDU to promote innovation
2015
● MOSTI: National Innovation Conference and Exhibition (NICE) 2015; “Beyond Innovation”
● Various Innovation Competitions
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IMPACT DIGITAL GENERATION
Digital Generation
: a generation of children who’ve grown up with video games, computers, touch-screen tablets, mobile phones and virtual reality
VIDEO: NEGATIVE EFFECT
● Declining writing skills
● Increasing incidents of cheating
● Lack of focus
VIDEO: THE EVOLUTION OF LEARNING TECHNOLOGY
ENHANCED TEACHING AND LEARNING
PowerPoint presentations, 3D visualization tools
GLOBALIZATION
students can “meet" their counterparts through video conferencing without leaving the classroom
NO GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITATIONS
Distance learning and online education
IMPACT IN DIGITAL GENERATION’S HEALTH CARE
POSITIVE IMPACT – HEALTH CARE
● Electronic health records has resulted in significant savings in health care costs
● The technology used in surgeon
NEGATIVE IMPACT – HEALTH CARE
● the internet provides a cheap and “easy” way to avoid going to the doctor
● Websites like WebMD can be a great resource for living a healthy lifestyle, but they should never be used to replace your physician
IMPACT IN DIGITAL GENERATION’S HUMAN BODY
EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY
Sleep deprivation
No alone time
STRAINED VISION
Optometrists’ patients experienced eye strain due to computer vision syndrome
Complained of neck and back pain associated with computer
HEARING LOST
Crank up their phones loudly to drown out traffic noise, conversation and even other ambient music
TECHNOLOGY “PROS”
● More information
● Longer life
● Wider interaction
● Advance service
TECHNOLOGY “CONS”
● Isolation
● Job issues
● Mechanized destruction
Professional Ethics and Responsibilities
Professional ethics
: a person must adhere to in respect of their interactions and business dealings in their professional life
ACM CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
General more imperatives
More specific professional responsibilities
Organizational leadership imperatives
Compliance with code
ETHICAL VIEWS
● Deontological
● Natural Rights
● Consequentialist
● Reaching the Right Decision
COMPUTER PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
● Maintaining relationship
● Making critical decisions
● Thinking about potential risk
● Knowing and learning enough about the application field
The Ethical Guidelines for Computer Professionals
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
PUBLIC
CLIENT AND EMPLOYER
PRODUCT
JUDGMENT
MANAGEMENT
PROFESSION
COLLEAGUES
SELF
The Malaysia Board of Technologists Code of Ethics require registrants to comply with:
Professionalism
Integrity
Competence
Benevolence
Diligence
Strive to Perfection
ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS
Strengths
● Codes inspire the members of a profession to behave ethically.
● Codes guide the members of a profession in ethical choices.
Weaknesses
● Codes include directives that tend to be too general and too vague.
● Codes are not always helpful when two or more directives conflict.
CASES
● Analyzing a Professional Ethical Scenario
● Analyzing Professional Responsibilities (cont’d)