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The Neuron - Coggle Diagram
The Neuron
Resting potential
To record a neuron's membrane potential, it is necessary to position the tip of one electrode inside the neuron and the tip of another electrode outside the neuron in the extracellular fluid
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Electrostatic pressure and the concentration gradient are the pressures which force ions to enter and exit the resting neuron
Sodium-potassium pumps
At the same rate that Na+ ions leak into the resting neuron, other Na+ ions are transported out
At the same rate that K+ ions leak out of the resting neuron, other K+ ions are actively transported in
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Sodium channels are closed, potassium channels are open
Electrostatic pressure
- on the outside, - on the inside
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Structure of the neuron
Lipid bilayer
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Signal proteins
Transfer a signal to the inside of the neuron when particular molecules bind to them on the outside of the membrane
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Dendrites
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Short processes emanating from the cell body which receive the most of the synaptic contacts from other neurons
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Axon
Long, narrow process that projects from the cell body
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Action potential
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Threshold excitation
Level where the sum of the depolarisations and hyperpolarisations reaching the axon initial segment at any time is suffienct to depolarise the membrane
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Propagation
Toward specific terminals, only in one direction due to refractory period
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Hogkin-Huxely model, until threshold is reached
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Other
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Microglia
Respond to injury or disease by multiplying, engulfing cellular debris or even entire cells and triggering inflammatory responses
Astrocytes
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Play a role in allowing the passage of some chemicals from the blood into the CNS neurons and in blocking other chemicals
Have the ability to contract or relax blood vessels based on the blood flow demands of particular brain regions
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