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HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION, SANDHYA A 191822016 - Coggle Diagram
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
DEFINITION
Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. They are usually referred to as an over-reaction of the immune system and these reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal.
TYPE I
other names
Allergy
Immediate
Anaphylactic
antibody
Antibody IgE
reaction
Fast response which occurs in minutes, rather than multiple hours or days. Free antigens cross link the IgE on mast cells and basophils which causes a release of vasoactive biomolecules. Testing can be done via skin test for specific IgE
disorders
Atopy
Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
TYPE I
other names
Allergy
Immediate
Anaphylactic
antibody
Antibody IgE
reaction
Fast response which occurs in minutes, rather than multiple hours or days. Free antigens cross link the IgE on mast cells and basophils which causes a release of vasoactive biomolecules. Testing can be done via skin test for specific IgE
disorders
Atopy
Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
TYPE II
reaction
Antibody (IgM or IgG) binds to antigen on a target cell, which is actually a host cell that is perceived by the immune system as foreign, leading to cellular destruction via the MAC. Testing includes both the direct and indirect Coombs test.
other names
Cytotoxic,
Antibody-dependent
antibody
Antibody IgM
Antibody IgG
Complement
MAC
disorders
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Rheumatic heart disease
Thrombocytopenia
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Goodpasture's syndrome
Graves' disease
Myasthenia gravis
TYPE III
antibody
Antibody IgG
Complement
Neutrophils
reaction
Antibody (IgG) binds to soluble antigen, forming a circulating immune complex. This is often deposited in the vessel walls of the joints and kidney, initiating a local inflammatory reaction.
disorders
Serum sickness
Rheumatoid arthritis
Arthus reaction
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Membranous nephropathy
Reactive arthritis
Lupus nephritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
other names
Immune complex
TYPE IV
other names
cell-mediated immune memory response
Antibody-independent
antibody
T-cells
disorders
Mantoux test
Chronic transplant rejection
Multiple sclerosis
Coeliac disease
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Granuloma annulare
reaction
T helper cells (specifically Th1 cells) are activated by an antigen presenting cell. When the antigen is presented again in the future, the memory Th1 cells will activate macrophages and cause an inflammatory response. This ultimately can lead to tissue damage
TYPE V
other names
Autoimmune
antibody
IgM or IgG
Complement
reaction
Instead of binding to cell surfaces, the antibodies recognise and bind to the cell surface receptors, which either prevents the intended ligand binding with the receptor or mimics the effects of the ligand, thus impairing cell signaling
disorders
Graves' disease
Myasthenia gravis
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
.
muscle or joint pain
rales
cough
chronic bronchitis
shortness of breath
fatigue
fibrosis of the lungs
clubbing of fingers or toes
fever
chills
headaches
anorexia
weight loss
SANDHYA A 191822016