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Polymer Processing - Coggle Diagram
Polymer Processing
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Calendering
- A machine equipped with two, three or more heavy internally or cooled rollers
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- The rollers will rotates in opposite directions and operate at even or uneven speeds
- In this process, the extrudate is extruded directly into the nip area between the rolls
Blow Molding
- Blow molding process are used to melting the resin which done in extruder. It is also to form the molten resin into cylinder or tube.
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- The parison is placed inside the mould and inflated to make sure the plastic are push outward againts cavity wall.
Transfer Molding
- It is development of compression molding which molding compound is located in the mold and upon closure is transferred via runner to the cavities
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- Transfer molding is used to give many small parts easily, to reduce the risk of damage and claimed to be faster due to better heat transfer through runners
Extrusion
- An extrusion is the continuous semi-finished product with uniform cross section
- In principle, extusion process comprises the forcing of molten material through a shaped die by means of pressure
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Injection Molding
- The basic principle of injection molding to inject molten polymer into a closed mold where it is solidifies to give the product
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- The mould is closed which a short of melts is ready in the injection unit.
Next, the valves closes and screw rotation starts which pressure develop againt the closed of nozzles and the screw moves backwards to accumulate a fresh shot of melt in front
Filament Winding
- A process to produce vessel, storage tanks and aerospace parts
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- Filament winding method is the fibers were passed through the resin bath.
Next, it will continuously wound onto the mandrel
- After number of layers, curing are carried out in an oven or room temperature.
Mandrel will be removed
Compression Molding
- The principle of the compression molding is the mould is held between the heated platens of the hydraulic press. Next, a prepared quantity of moulding compound are place in the mould and the platens closes with sufficient pressure to minimize flash at mould part line
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- Forming technique which is the process employs thermosetting resin in a partially cured stage either in the forms of granules.
Rotational Molding
- The rotational molding is uses of gravity inside the rotating mold to achieve a hollow form
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- It is used principally for thermoplastic polymer
- The process consist of a predetermined amount of polymer powder were loaded into cavity of split mold. Next, the mold is heated and simultenously rotated on two perpendicular axis. Then, the mold is cooled while rotating. The mold is opened and the part is unloaded.
Blown Film Extrusion
- The extruded materials flow through a tubular die. Next, the melt flow around a mandrel and exits the die as a tube. Then, a cooling rings is placed at the exit bcack of the die as to give some dimensional stability.
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- The tube or bubbles, continues to expand, cool and crystalize until the radial strength is equals with the air from outside.
Pultrusion
- Pultrusion is used to manufacture compenets with continuous length and constants cross-sectional shape
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- Pultrusion method which is the continuous rovings of the reinforcement are impregnated with the rasins.
Next, it will be pulled through the heated die. Then, curing takes place in heated die and oven. Lastly, puller were used to pull whole system with certain speed
Thermoforming
- The thermoforming is a process which reshaping a plastics under the influence of heat and pressure or vacuum
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- Thermoforming is a manufacturing process which for utilize thermoplastic sheet or film
- Basic principle is heat a thermoplastic sheet until it softens. Next, force the hot pliable materials againt the contours of a mold
