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8 Morphology 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - classification of languages by structures
  - - - use bound portmanteau morphs to express grammatical information
    - - use free grammatical morphemes and constituent order to express grammatical information
    - - use chains of morphemes (one meaning each) to express grammatical information
- - - - Plural s more grammatical than the genitive
        
        vs
        
        several Queens of England
        
        The Queen of England's big secret
    - - vs
        
        adding
        
        addition
      - the gerund also preserves the construction of the verb..
- - - - The lexical meaning becomes less specific and thus compatible with new contexts
        
        vs
        
        she is going to canada
        
        she is going to marry Bill
        
        I am going to stay
        
        it's going to rain
        
        going to -> almost like "will"...
    - - the former main verb go is increasingly perceived as an auxiliary for the following infinitive
    - - the unstressed grammatical construction develops a weak form
        
        she gonna marry
        
        NOT she gonna canada
  - - - contributing grammatical information to the overall meaning of the phrase
      - ex
        
        have
        
        been
    - - Implicit Information
        
        Where a functional slot exists, 0 is not just nothing..
        
        ex
        
        no plural ending
        
        <-
        
        Singular
    - - Agreement
        
        this picture-these pictures
        
        agree in NUMBER
        
        I am - you are - she is
        
        Agree in PERSON and NUMBER
        
        def
        
        when several word forms in a construction are marked for the same grammatical category
      - English Agreement
        
        Subject-Verb-Concord
        
        ex
        
        he answers
      - Government
        
        One word requires a certain grammatical category in another word that syntactically depends on it
        
        ex
        
        he sees her (not he sees she)
        
        verb assigns CASE
        
        for us (not for we)
        
        preposition assigns CASE