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Enlightenment - Coggle Diagram
Enlightenment
Philosophes and their ideas
social reformers
professors
economists
journalists
Role of philosophy
change the world
Use of reason or an appeal to facts
Spirit of rational criticism applied to everything
Natural rights for all people
equality before the law
freedom of religious worship
freedom of speech
freedom of the press
right to assemble
pursue happiness
the universe was like a clock
French giants
Voltaire
criticism of Christianity
strong belief in religious toleration
Deism
reason
natural law
Diderot
The Encyclopedia or Classified Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts and Trades
purpose
change the general way of thinking
Montesquieu
The Spirit of the Laws
basic kinds of governments
Republics
small states
Depotism
large states
Monarchies
moderate-size states
England
Separation of Powers
The executive
The legislative
The judicial
Important for United States Constitution
18th century philosophical movement
Intellectual impressed with the achievemments of the Scientific Revolution
Favorite word
Reason
Application of the scientific method to an understanding of all life
Common words
Reason
natural law
Hope
Progress
Influenced by the ideas of
Isaac Newton
Newtonian world-machine
John Locke
Essay:
Concerning Human Understanding
New Social Sciences
Economics
Adam Smith
Doctrine
Laissez-faire
let (people) do (what they want
basic roles of governments
protecting society from invasion
the army
defending citizens form injustice
the police
keeping up certain public works
The Wealth of Nations
The Physiocrats
Justice
New aproach to justice
Cesar Beccaria
essay:
On Crimes and Punishments
opposed to capital punishment
Social World
The Growth of Reading
New reading public
middle class
women
urban artisans
Daily newspapers
The Salon
conversations
Religion
catholic parish church
important center of life for the entire community
Methodism
new religion movement
John Wesley
sense of purpose and community
importance
hard work
encouraged behaviours
Enlightened Absolutism
rules tried to govern by Enlightenned principles
while maintining royal powers
Later Enlightenment
Late 1760s
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The Social Contract
the general will
best for the entire community
Emile
Discussion on the education of the natural man
emotions and reason
important to human development
Women
being ''naturally'' different from men
Rights of women
Mary Wollstonecraft
founder of the modern European and American movement for women's rights
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
Women have reason
Then they are entitled to the same rights as men
Impact
The Arts
Architecture and Art
The Palace of Louis XIV
at Versailles, France
The Residence
Rococo
delicate designs colored with graceful curves
sense of enchantment and enthusiasm
Music
perfection of barroque style
Johann Sebastian Bach
Mass in B Minor
Frederick Handel
religious music
Messiah
classical style
Haydn
The Creation
The Seasons
Mozart
The Marriage of Figaro
The Magic Flute
Don Giovanni
Literature
Novel
attractive to growing number of middle-class readers
Henry Fielding
novels about people without morals who survive by their wits
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling