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BIOLOGY, ATP is the energy that is essential for every organism. For any…
BIOLOGY
Water
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Cytolysis, the cell wall prevents plant cells from bursting
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Osmosis, water flows naturally from regions with lower solute concentration to regions with higher solute concentration
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Water is absorbed through the roots and transported up the plant in the xylem. # #
Eukaryotic Organisms
Animal Cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
There is the rough E.R. and the smooth E.R. depending wether it has ribosomes attached to it or not. It prepares the proteins to get transported to the Golgi Apparatus or other parts of the cell.
Ribosomes
Can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum or floating around cytoplasm. They create the proteins the cell needs.
Lysosomes and Perixomes
The recycling station of the cell. Where all the waste materials are put. The organelles break down the waste and detoxify poisons to clean up the cell.
Cytoplasm
A fluid that maintains the internal pressure of the cell so that it doesn't shrink. Carries all the organelles in the cell.
Gogli Apparatus
Groups lipids and proteins and packages them in vesicles. After, they ship it off to different organelles or sometimes out of the cell.
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Mitochondria
The power of the cell. Produces an energy-rich molecule called ATP which fuels most of the action. #
Plasma Membrane
The outer lining of the cell, controls what enters and leaves the cell.
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Multicellular organisms grow by producing more cells through mitosis and cytokinesis. During this process, one parent cell splits into two daughter cells. The daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell and each other. The chromosomes contain genetic information in the form of genes. The cell spends most of its time in interphase, where many things happen in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including replicating the DNA. # #
During mitosis, there is interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
Plant Cells
Vacuole
Stores water and nutrients that cell needs to survive. Also stores waste products so cell does not become contaminated.
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Chloroplasts
Converts sun's rays into energy that cell can use, ATP, adenise try phosphate. #
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Why are there 2 protections for the cell, the plasma membrane and the cell wall?
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Gases enter and and exit a plant leaf through the stomata, carbon dioxide enters, oxygen and water leave. #
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The chloroplast and the mitochondria both have very similar functions. They both produce ATP, adenise try phospate, energy for the cell, although they do it differently. #
Occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. It converts water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. it converts light energy from the sun into chemical potential energy in sugar. # #
Autotrophs use energy from the sun and matter from the air to "create their own food" in photosynthesis.
Chemical potential energy is energy stored in the chemical bonds within molecules, between atoms.
The reactants are carbon dioxide, water and ATP energy from the light that will produce glucose and oxygen # #
Prokaryotic Organisms
Bacteria Cells
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Pili and Fimbriae
Allows bacteria to attach to different surfaces. Can also be served as a bridge for two bacterias to exchange genetic information.
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Plasma Membrane
One of the outer layers in the bacteria cell. Controls what nutrients, ions, and waste enter or leaves the cell.
Ribosomes
Can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum or floating around cytoplasm. They create the proteins the cell needs.
A fluid that maintains the internal pressure of the cell so that it doesn't shrink. Carries all the organelles in the cell.
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Microscopes
Electron Microscope
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No colour added to it, it is black and white.
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Organisms
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Homeostasis
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Negative Feedback
Minimizes change, goes back to normal
Such as getting a red face, sweating, breathing harder than usual
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ATP is the energy that is essential for every organism. For any organism to live they all need energy. They could either get from the chloroplasts or the mitochondria and their source of energy could all be different too. Every single unit, energy is always involved since everyone needs energy to live. Without energy organisms wouldn't function.
We learnt about DNA in the beginning and more towards the end we started talking about chromosomes. Chromosomes are inside DNA. We went more into depth about it and also found out that inside the chromosomes there are genes and inside are alleles. Alleles are what decided what gene characteristics you are born with. As a result, DNA is in our everyday lives and is very vital.
Osmosis is something that we learned in the beginning. Osmosis is when water goes from highly concentrated areas to lower concentrated areas. In the trees the water goes up through the xylem, which we learned very recently.
The difference between animal cells and plant cells is cell differentiation, that is why they look the same. They are given different organelles and functions for different reasons. They all perform different activities depending on the structure of their organism. They are all different for a reason.