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ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES - Coggle Diagram
ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES
INNOVATION SOCIAL ISSUES IN IT
Invention
creation of a product or introduction of a process for the first time
*Thomas Edison
Innovation
improves on or makes a significant contribution to something that has already been invented
*Steve Jobs
Types of Innovation:
Produce new goods previously unknown for customers
Introduce new production process previously unknown in industry
Exploiting new markets
New sources of purchasing raw materials and semi-prepared products
New ways of organizing business activities
Rules of Innovation:
Innovations are new to a community
People affected by and have an effect on an innovation
Innovation disrupt the status quo.
Innovations are a shared responsibility
Successful innovations require continual modifications
Features matter
Changing Communication Paradigm:
Communication
: Imparting, conveying or exchange of ideas, knowledge, information, etc. (whether by speech, writing or signs).
Paradigm
: the set of experiences, beliefs and values that affect the way an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception.
Communication
paradigm
: A pattern or model that allows people to communicate to another person in order to give information about people needs and desires.
IT and Community Issues
: Community and Isolation and the access issues
Effects of Technology on Community
:
Education
enhance learning and the learning process.
Health
care
bring benefit in medical sector.
Local government
more productive with high speed communication system and information services.
Business
Telecommuting provides benefit to business and enhance the quality of life for employees.
Home
create security in our home.
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IMPACT IN DIGITAL GENERATION
Digital Generation
: a generation of children who've grown up with video games, computers, touch-screen tablets, mobile phones and virtual reality.
Positive Impact of Video:
Enhanced teaching and learning
Globalization
No geographical limitations
Negative Impact of Video:
Declining writing skills
Increasing incidents of cheating
Lack of focus
Impact in Digital Generation's Health Care:
Positive
: the widespread adoption of electronic health records has resulted in significant savings in health care costs as well as improved patient health and safety.
Negative
: the internet provides a cheap and easy way to avoid going to the doctor.
Impact in Digital Generation's Human Body:
Emotional instability
Strained vision
Hearing lost
Impact in Digital Generation's Relationship:
group that effect (family, friend and neighbor, working places and militarist).
Technology
Pros
More information
Longer life
Wider interaction
Advance service
Defense and surveillance
Cons
Isolation
Mechanized destruction
Job issue
THE ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS
Professional codes of ethics
: Professional organizations provide a general statement of ethical values reminding people in the profession that ethical behavior is an essential part of their job.
Professional Codes:
ACM and IEEE CS
2.ACM
3.Ethical Behaviors Expected of the Computer Professional
Software Engineering Code Of Ethics and Professional Practice
1.Public
Client and Empower
3.Product
4.Judgement
Management
Profession
Colleagues
Self
Technologist & Technician Code of Ethics & Proessional Practice (MBOT)
:
The Malaysia Board of Technologists shall protect the technologist and technician professional system by:
Ensuring only registered persons provides technology services
Investigating all complaints brought to it against registered person or technology consultancy practice
Conducting disciplinary hearing for complaints with prima facie case.
Take action against registered person pursuant to Section 27(1)
Issuing Notification, Guidelines, and Circular as benchmarks for quality of service in the technology profession
The Malaysia Board of Technologists Code of Ethics require registrants to comply with:
Professionalism
Integrity
Competence
Benevolence
Diligence
Strive to Perfection
Ethical Guidelines for Computer Professionals
Strengths of Professional Codes :
Codes inspire the members of a profession to behave ethically
Codes guide the members of a profession in ethical choices
Codes educate the members about their professional obligations
Weaknesses of Professional Codes:
Codes include directives that tend to be too general and too vague
Codes are not always helpful when two or more directives conflict
Codes comprise directives that are neither complete nor exhaustive
Responsibility
(Attributes blame to individuals)
Legal Liability
(Does not attribute blame or fault to those held liable)
Accountability
(Does not necessarily attribute blame)
Guidelines and Professional Responsibilities :
1.Understand what success means
Include users in the design and testing stages to provide safe and useful systems
Do a thorough, careful job when planning and scheduling a project and when writing bids or contracts
Design for real users
Don't assume existing software is safe or correct, review and test it
Be open and honest about capabilities, safety and limitations of software
Require a convincing case for safety
Pay attention to defaults
Develop communication skills
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Professional
ethics
refers to the ethics that a person must adhere to in respect of their interactions and business dealings in their professional life.
ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
. 1.General more imperatives
2.More specific professional responsibilities
3.Organizational leadership imperatives
4.Compliance with code
Ethical Views
Deontological (emphasizes duty and absolute rules)
Natural Rights (Derived from the nature of humanity)
Consequential (utilitarianism)
Reaching the Right Decision (there is no formula to solve ethical problems)
Some important distinctions:
right, wrong and okay
negative rights (liberties)
positive rights (claim-rights)
causing harm
goal vs actions
personal preference vs ethics
law vs ethics
CULTURE: EASTERN, WESTERN AND MALAYSIAN SOCIETIES
1.Eastern (India)
Created a trend known as “frugal innovation.”
Aadhar project
The India Innovation Growth Programme
2. Eastern (China)
Most Chinese start-ups are not founded by designers or artists, but by engineers who don't have the creativity to think of new ideas or designs.
3. Western (US of America)
Creative destruction
Disruptive innovation
Maximizing innovation culture
4. Malaysia
organizations have been aggressively instilling innovation in its culture, especially high-tech companies.
Cultural Dimensions:
Empowerment
Team innovation
Creating change
Capability development
Customer focus
Organizational learning
How to Build a Culture of Innovation
:
Open mind
Curiosity
Empathy
4.Take risks
Trust