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PLANT TRANSPORT SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram
PLANT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
PLANT STRUCTURE
STEM
- Has epidermal layer that help maintain shape.
- In epidermis is the cortex layer (made up of collenchyma cells).
- Inner part of stems consists of vascular bundle and pith.
- PITH: storage food for young plants, absent in older plant.
DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS
- Vascular tissue group to form vascular bundle.
- Vascular bundle arranged around pith.
MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS
- Vascular bundle scattered throughout the stem.
VASCULAR TISSUES
XYLEM
- Transport water and dissolved mineral salts.
- Provide mechanical support in woody plants.
PHLOEM
- Transport organic substances from leaves to other organs or vice versa.
ROOT
- Outermost layer is epidermis.
- Absorb water and dissolved mineral ions from soil.
- Have root hairs which increase the surface area to absorb water.
- Vascular tissue located in vascular cylinder which also include pericycle.
DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANT
- Xylem is in star-shaped form.
- Phloem is in the outer xylem
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MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANT
- Central core, pith (parenchyma cells).
- Vascular tissue form ring around pith.
LEAF
- Vascular bundle is located in petiole.
- Vascular tissue are found in leaf veins.
- Xylem form upper part while phloem form lower part.
XYLEM- TRANSPORT
- Contains 4 types of cell:
xylem vessels, tracheids, fibres, parenchyma.
- Parenchyma stores substances, fibres give support for xylem.
Xylem vessels, tracheids are water-coducting cells
XYLEM VESSELS, TRACHEIDS ADAPTIONS:
- Elongate cells end to end: form hollow tube to allows water to flow continuously.
- Walls are thickened by lignin, making them strong and hard to prvent from collapse under tension.
- Lignin prevents entry of food substances.
- Have small opening called pits- allow water and mineral salts to flow through.
- Tracheids are longer and smaller in diameter.
PHLOEM- TRANSPORT
- Composed of 4 cells:
sieve tubes, companion cells, parenchyma and fibres.
- Organic substances(sucrose & amino acids) are transported along sieve tube.
- The end of each cell (sieve tube) are perforated by pores forming sieve plates which allows substances to flow.
- Companion cells is normal cells with large number of mitochondria (active metabolism).
- Companion cells sieve tube cells with proteins, ATP and other nutrient.
- Parenchyma: Store food substances
- Fibres: Provide support
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