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:warning: CHAPTER 9 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT :warning: NUREZLIN AZIERA…

- - - - require more lands
      - high costs
      - pollutions
        
        odour
        
        leachate
        
        air pollution
        
        surface water
        
        groundwater contamination
- - - - Electric assembly
      - Electronic sensors
      - Automobile (Proton)
      - Electronic production
        
        semiconductor
        
        silicon wafers
    - - Development of infrastructure and utilities
      - Establish services sector (financial, transportation and others)
      - Increasing number of factories to cater market demands
    - - Large population (urban areas)
        
        32 million (2020)
        
        population density - 255 people per square mile (2020)
        
        urban population - 78.4%
  - - - Consist of materials in the forms of solid,liquid and semi-solid.
      - Contains one or more properties that poses danger to health and environment
      - Consider hazardous waste if meets the definition of solid waste
        
        Environmental Quality (Schedule Waste) Regulation 2005
        
        Four characteristic of waste
        
        Ignitability
        
        Reactivity
        
        Corrosivity
        
        Toxicity
  - - - Location of factories
        
        Penang, Selangor,, Johor and Perak (2004)
    - - Labuan, Perlis and Kelantan
    - - 55-58% recycled to off-site
      - 65-90% reused as products
      - 10-35% waste residue
  - - - Notify system to control waste generation
      - Avoid or minimize waste generation
      - Safe storage of waste
      - Licensing of waste facilities
      - Treatment and disposed waste and premises
      - Implementation system for tracking and control waste
    - - Metal and metal-bearing waste
      - Waste contents inorganic constituents
      - Waste contents organic constituents
      - Waste contents either organic or inorganic constituents
      - Other wastes
- - - - Mineral oil
      - Dross
      - Paint
  - - - Contains contaminated and radiations such as nickel, chromium and silver
      - Generate at alarming rate
- - - - Forms intelligents units to detect and prevent environmental crimes
      - Electronic reporting - E-SWIS and E-consignment
      - Satellite monitoring system
      - Development of analytical environmental forensics
      - Systematic and regular audits