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Kinesiology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Connects muscle bulk to bone
    - - Connects one bone to another bone
    - - Lubrication and shock absorption
- - - - Sagittal
      - Frontal
      - Transverse
    - - Sagittal
      - Frontal
      - Vertical
  - - - Support shoulder griddle and upper limb
      - Protect Vital Organ
      - Attachment site for many muscles during breathing
    - - Structural Support for the body
      - Surround and protect Spinal Cord
      - Allow Movement
      - Shock Absorption for the body
  - - - Acromioclavicular
      - Glenohumeral
      - Humeroulnar
    - - Acetabulofemoral
      - Tibiofemoral
      - Talocrural
- - - - ATP-PC
        
        for physical activities that requires a lot of energy per second
        
        activities involving short, powerful bursts
        
        sustain only for a short period of time (5 to 10 Sec)
        
        Due to limited amount of ATP stored in skeletal muscle
        
        produce ATP without oxygen
        
        Phosphocreatine from muscle cells
        
        Anaerobic alactic
      - Glycolysis
        
        involves enzymes to break down glucose chemically
        
        a second metabolic pathway to produce ATP rapidly without oxygen
        
        can sustain up to 1 min
        
        Due to build up of lactic acid
        
        for longer sprints such as 200m, 400m or repeated sprints
        
        Anaerobic lactic
      - Oxidative
        
        Aerobic
        
        3 substrates
        Pyruvate, Amino Acids, Fatty acids
        
        broken down into acetyl-CoA with the aid of oxygen to generate ATP
        
        More than 2 mins
        
        Presence of oxygen allow repeated contraction without getting tired
        
        Low impact activity long distance run, swim
  - - - Efficient at using oxygen to generate fuel
        Able to sustain long duration before feeling fatigue
    - - Generate speed/strength Get fatigue easily Does not require oxygen Glucose=lactic acid+energy Produces waste molecule that weakens contraction
- - - - Movements
        
        Flexion
        
        Extension
        
        Abduction
        
        Adduction
        
        External/Internal Rotation
    - - Movements
        
        Extension
        
        Flexion
    - - Movements
        
        Plantarflexion
        
        Dorsiflexion
        
        Eversion
        
        Inversion
  - - - Adduction:Adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus
      - Abduction and medial rotation:Tensor fasciae latae, Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
      - Lateral Rotator: Gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, Piriformis
      - Flexion:Psoas major, Iliacus, Sartorius
      - Hip extensors:Gluteus Maximus, Hamstring group
    - - Tibialis anterior
      - Extensor digitorum longus
      - Extensor hallucis longus
    - - posterior
        
        Gastrocnemius (plantarflex foot & flex knee)
        
        Soleus (plantarflex foot)
        
        Tibialis posterior (plantarflex & inerts foot)
        
        Flexor digitorum longus
        
        Flexor hallucis longus (plantarflex foot, flex toes, inverts foot)
      - lateral
        
        Fibularis longus (plantarflex & everts foot)
        
        Fibularis brevis
    - - Flexors:Hamstring group
      - Extensors:Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedialis
  - - - lubrication and shock absorption
    - - connects muscle bulk to bone
    - - Connects one bone to another
- - - - Isotonic
        
        Constant Force Production
        
        Dynamic concentric
        
        Concentric - Shorten
        
        Dynamic eccentric
        
        Eccentric - Lengthen
      - Isokinetic
        
        Isokinematic
        
        Rate of limb displacement or joint rotation is consistent
      - Isometric
        
        Static
        
        Limb displacement or joint rotation does not occur
  - - - More work can be done with less energy expenditure following a prestretch
        
        Short couping time (0.3 sec) is for the elastic spring force of the tendons to be kept.
        
        High (pre) load is eccentrically stronger so that the tendons can be pulled more for the concentric action
    - - Amount of force produced is directly related to the degree of overlapping of the filaments :
        
        Muscle fibre have most tension at 100% resting length (90degree)
        
        Max number of myosin working (allow maximum cross bridges to be formed)
        
        lesser force is produced at both elongated and shortened position
        
        Over contracted (<90), some myosins are overlapped and no space to be pulled further
        
        Do not allow enough cross bridges to form
        
        Less tension (force of contraction)
        
        Over stretched (>90)) , too little overlap of myosins and actins
    - - force generated by an eccentric muscle action increases as velocity increases
      - force generated by a concentric muscle action decreases as velocity increases