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Chapter 10-12, DNA Profiling, CHAPTER 10, CHAPTER 11, components, DNA…
Chapter 10-12
Kayla Somera
Jaena Klein
Trevor Wise
DNA Profiling
Gel electrophoresis
Separates molecules based on size
Small = Further
Big = Closer
Results In Bands
MACROMOLECULES
finger prints
PCR
Make copies
Primers
Heat DNA
Cool
DNA is doubled
CHAPTER 12
Gene Cloning and Editing
CRISPR-Cas9
allows researchers to target a specific gene in a living cell for removal or editing.
biotechnology
DNA technology
nucleic acid probe
GMO
recombinant DNA
genetic engineering
plasmid
PROKARIOTIC
vector
DNA cloning
gene cloning
DNA lygase
enzyme
restriction enzyme
restriction site
restriction fragments
GENOME MAPPING
reverse transcriptase
complementary DNA
Genomics and Bioinformatics
bioinformatics
EVOLUTION
proteomics
genomics
whole- genome shotgun
HGP
Genetically Modified Organisms
Produce Human Insulin
Moved gene for human Insulin
Into Yeast and Bacteria Cells
Making Insulin more accessible
Vaccines
Modify other organisms
inactivate virus
Agraculture
Transgenic organism
Has a gene from a different species
Bt Corn
Kills caterpillar with toxinn
Humans deactivate because of the acidic digestive system
Reduce pesticide
80% reduction of farmers poisoning themselves
Gene Therapy
Scid
Create a normal immune system
Benifits
solve crimes
Anthrax Mail Attack
establish paternity
Banding patterns
identify victims
Used to catch poachers
DNA profiling
forensics
repetitive DNA
STR
STR analysis
CHAPTER 10
DNA Replication
semiconservative model
DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
ENZYME
The Structure of the Genetic Material
nucleotide
NUCLEIC ACID
COVALENT BOND
polynucleotide
POLYMER
sugar-phosphate backbone
nitrogen base
Adenine
cytosine
Single-ring
guanine
double-ring
uracil
RNA
transfer RNA (tRNA)
anticodon
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
thymine
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
double-helix
HYDROGEN BONDS
mutagen
mutation
silent mutation
missense mutation
nonsense mutation
frameshift mutation
conjunction
F factor
plasmid
R plasmid
sugar
phosphate group
Bacteriophage
phage
DNA
PROTEIN
Prion
prophage
transduction
The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
virus
capsid
lytic cycle
Viral replication
lysogenic cycle
type of Bacteriophage
emerging virus
HIV
AIDS
retrovirus
reverse transcriptase
RNA insert a DNA copy
The Flow of Genetic Information from DNA and RNA to protein
transcription
Translation
nucleiotides
amino acids
triple code
codon
mRNA
ribosome
1 more item...
genetic code
terminator
genes
3 more items...
start codon
stop codon
RNA polymerase
promoter
CYTOPLASM
GENOTYPE to PHENOTYPE
NUCLEUS
CHAPTER 11
Control of Gene Expression
gene regualtion
activators
repressors
regulatory gene
operon
operator
promotor
gene expression
differentation
noncoding RNA
siRNA
miRNA
homeotic gene
nucleosome
EUKARIOTIC
transcription factors
enhancer
alternativve RNA splicing
epigenetic inheritance
x chromosome inactivation
barr body
CHROMOSOME
nucleic acid hybernization
DNA microarray
signal transduction pathway
FLOW OF INFORMATION
Gene regulation
turns off and on
Operons
stretch DNA enzyme production
Regulatory proteins
codes for repressors
Inducible
Repressible
blocks transcription of a gene operon
Cell Differentiation
individual cells have to undergo
Epigenetic inheritance
not directly involved on nucleotide sequence
Histone +DNA
nucleosomes
structure and function
X chromosome Inactivation
embryonic development
Barr body
Female X
cell inactivated at random
Transcription factor
RNA polymerase requires assisting
Enhancers
control sequence
Alternative RNA splicing
90% protein code gene
Homeotic gene
control gene that regulates groups
Expression gene
Nucleic acid Hybridization
Complementary sequence
mRNA technique
DNA microarray
"gene chip"
single stranded
miRNA
microRNA
small single-stranded molecule
Small Interfering RNA
siRNA
small RNA molecule
RNA Interference
RNAi
blocking gene expression
Signal transduction pathway
convert signal to specific response
The Genetic Basis of Cancer
proto-oncogene
oncogene
MELIGNANT TUMOR
tumor suppressor gene
carcinogen
Cancer
oncogene
single copy
cancerous
proto-ongene
normal cellular gene
potential to become oncogene
Tumor-suppressors genes
inhibit cell division
encode help prevent uncontrolled cell growth
Carcinogens
alter DNA and cell cancerous
Cloning of Plants and Animals
Clone
plant
totipotent
regeneration
animal
nuclear transplantation
ZYGOTE
embryo
adult
adult stem cell
embryotic stem cell
NUCLEUS
reproductive cloning
somatic cell
theraputic cloning
Totopotent
capable of producing specialized organism
Regeneration
regrowth
Nuclear transplantation
animal cloning
reproductive cloning
birth of new living individual
Embryonic stem cell
200 specialized cell type
Transplantation
Therapeutic cloning
treat diseases
Adult stem cells
few related types of cell
Clone
Asexual reproduction
single-parent
components
DNA toRNA
RNA to protein
translated into amino acids
not expressed
expressed
join exons
removed during this
infectious protein
controls their transcripts
results from selective activation and deactivation
controlling gene expression
mutation