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LANDFILL AND LANDFILL DESIGN - Coggle Diagram
LANDFILL AND LANDFILL DESIGN
Waste land disposal
Attenuate and disperse site(dumping site)
a traditional form of landfilling
mechanisms:dilution and dispersion through pores and micro fissures into underlying saturated zone
no monitoring
Containment sites: sanitary/ MSW landfill
Wastes, leachate and gas are isolated
the containment is achieved by natural clay bottom liners or synthetic liners
leachate and gas facilities are installed and regular monitoring
Types of landfill
for commingled waste
most LF are designed for commingled MSW
Native soil act as intermediate and final cover
compost, foam, old rugs also can be used as cover material
for shredded solid waste
Shredded waste can be placed up to 35% greater density
some without daily cover as blowing waste, odors, flies are not significant problems
less soil cover is used due to shredded waste can be compacted tighter
however, it needs shredding facilities
for individual waste constituents (Monofills)
such as combustion ash and asbestos
to isolate from materials placed in MSW LF
for maximize gas production
Deep, individual lined cells, waste is placed without intermediate layers of cover material and leachate is recyled
as integrated treatment units
organize part will be separated and placed in separate LF for gas recovery and stabilizes waste use for cover material
Terms of definitions
Sanitary LF
A method of disposing solid waste on land without creating nuisance or hazard to public health or safety
Utilising engineering principle to confine wastes to smallest particle and to reduce it to the smallest practical volume
Cell
Volume of materials placed
Daily cover
Usually consists 6 to 12 in of native soil or alternative
soil such as compost
Lift
A complete layer of cells
Bench (terrace)
A flat surface to maintain slope stability
Final lift
includes cover layer
Final cover layer
Consists of multiple layers of soil covering entire surface of LF
Landfill Planning
Elements to consider
Landfill layout and design
Methods
Ramp
Excavated/ trench
Area
Factors
Protection of components for example sealing layers and drainage blankets
simple and non-sensitive design
Climate conditions
Construction phase
1: excavate land
2: Add compacted clay layer or synthetic layer
3: Install leachate collection systems
4: Install geosynthetic line
5: Add a sloped, sand drainage layer
6: Deposit solid waste (open and use landfill)
7: Install groundwater and gas monitoring wells
8: Add soil layer
9: Install clay cap
10: Install geosynthetic cap
11: Install sand drainage layer
12: Add a layer of top soil
13: Plant grass and other short rooted plants
14: Construct methane recovery building
Landfill siting consideration
Factors
Available land area
Haul istance
soil conditions and topography
Landfill operations and managements
Process
Waste collection -> Waste weighbridge -> Waste dumping -> Waste compaction -> Daily soil cover -> Capping/ covering
Types of covering operations
Daily : Carried out after daily portion of tipping
Intermediate: Carried out as landfill progresses helps in reducing leachate
Final: laid when the cell is full
Reactions occurring in landfill
Easy degradable organic materils become methane and carbon dioxide
Difficult degradable organic matter become residual organic matter
The management of LFG
Definition
A product of the degradation of biodegradable waste (any organic matter that can be broken down by micro-oganisms such as paper, wood or food stuffs)
Technologies
Means to collect gases
Control and treat gases
use gases to benefits the community
to generate electricity
heat building
Systems
Passive Gas Collection System
Active Gas Collection System
The management of leachate
Definition of leachate
Liquid that has percolated through waste and has extracted dissloved or suspend materials from it
Leachate management option
Recycling
Discharge
Treatment
Evaporation
Reed bed
Environmental monitoring
To ensure no release of contaminants from LF that may affect health or surrounding environments
Landfill closure and post-closure area
Development of long term closure plan
Cover and landscape design
Control of LFG
Collection and treatment of leachate
Post-closure care
Routine inspection
Infrastructure maintenance