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CHAPTER 6 NONVERBAL MESSAGES, image, image, image, image, image, image,…

- - - - FACIAL MANAGEMENT
        
        ENABLE YOU TO COMMUNICATE YOUR FEELINGS TO ACHIEVE THE EFFECT YOU WANT
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        TO HIDE CERTAIN EMOTIONS & TO EMPHASIZE OTHERS
        
        TECHNIQUES
        
        INTENSIFY
        
        DEINTENSIFY
        
        NEUTRALIZE
        
        MASK
        
        STIMULATE
        
        HELP YOU DISPLAYS EMOTIONS IN SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE WAYS
      - FACIAL FEEDBACK
        
        WHEN EXPRESS EMOTIONS FACIALLY, A FEEDBACK EFFECT IS OBSERVED
        
        HYPOTHESIS
        
        HOLDS THAT YOUR FACIAL EXPRESSIONS INFLUENCE YOUR PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        SMILING WON'T MAKE YOU FEEL HAPPIER
  - - - THE STUDY OF THE MESSAGES COMMUNICATED BY THE EYES, WHICH VARY DEPENDING ON THE DURATION, DIRECTION & QUALITY OF THE EYE BEHAVIOR
      - THE DIRECTION OF THE EYE ALSO COMMUNICATES
    - - EYE CONTACT
        
        FUNCTIONS
        
        TO MONITOR FEEDBACK
        
        TO SECURE ATTENTION
        
        TO REGULATE THE CONVERSATION
        
        TO SIGNAL THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP
        
        TO SIGNAL STATUS
        
        TO COMPENSATE FOR PHYSICAL DISTANCE
      - EYE AVOIDANCE
        
        WHEN YOU AVOID EYE CONTACT / AVERT YOUR GLANCE, YOU ALLOW OTHERS TO MAINTAIN THEIR PRIVACY
        
        CAN SIGNAL LACK OF INTEREST
      - PUPIL DILATION
        
        DILATED PUPILS IN FACT JUDGED MORE ATTRACTIVE THAN CONSTRICTED ONES
        
        PUPIL SIZE ALSO REVEALS YOUR INTEREST & LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL AROUSAL
        
        YOUR PUPILS ENLARGE WHEN YOU'RE INTERESTED IN SOMETHING / WHEN YOU'RE EMOTIONALLY AROUSED
  - - - BABY IN WOMB
    - - POSITIVE EMOTIONS
        
        FOR THOSE THAT HAVING INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP
        
        SUPPORT
        
        APPRECIATION
        
        INCLUSION
        
        AFFECTION
      - PLAYFULLNESS
        
        COMMUNICATE DESIRES TO PLAY
        
        EITHER AFFECTIONATELY / AGGRESSIVELY
      - CONTROL
        
        THE BEHAVIORS, ATTITUDES / FEELINGS OF OTHER PERSON
        
        TOUCHING TO CONTROL
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        "MOVE OVER"
        
        "STAY HERE"
        
        HURRY"
      - RITUALISTIC
        
        SHAKING HAND TO SAY HELLO OR GOODBYE, KISS, HUG / PUT AN ARM AROUND ANOTHER'S SHOULDER
      - TASK-RELATED
        
        TOUCHING ASSOCIATED WITH TASK
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        CHECKING SOMEONE'S FOREHEAD FOR FEVER
    - - RELATED TO COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION / FEAR / ANXIETY ABOUT COMMUNICATING
      - OLDER PEOPLE HAVE HIGHER TOUCH AVOIDANCE SCORES FOR OPPOSITE-SEX PERSONS THAN DO YOUNGER PEOPLE
      - MEN AVOID TOUCHING OTHER MEN COMPARED TO WOMEN DO TOUCH OTHER WOMEN
  - - - IS THE VOCAL BUT NONVERBAL DIMENSION OF SPEECH
      - IT HAS TO DO WITH THE MANNER IN WHICH YOU SAY SOMETHING RATHER THAN WITH WHAT YOU SAY
      - INCLUDE
        
        RATE
        
        VOLUME
        
        PITCH
      - INCLUDE VOCALIZATION WHEN
        
        LAUGHING
        
        YELLING
        
        MOANING
        
        WHINING
        
        BELCHING
      - TYPES
        
        PARALANGUAGE & PEOPLE PERCEPTION
        
        LISTEN TO PEOPLE, REGARDLESS OF WHAT THEY'RE SAYING
        
        FORM IMPRESSIONS BASED ON THEIR PARALANGUAGE AS TO WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE THEY ARE
        
        PARALANGUAGE & PERSUASION
        
        ASPECT
        
        THE RATE OF SPEECH
        
        HAS RECEIVED THE MOST RESEARCH ATTENTION
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        THE ADVERTISER
        
        THE POLITICIAN
        
        ANYONE ELSE WHO WANTS TO CONVEY INFORMATION
        
        INFLUENCE OTHERS ORALLY
        
        CULTURE & PARALANGUAGE
        
        CULTURAL DIFFERENCES NEED TO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION WHEN EVALUATE THE RESULTS OF THE STUDIES ON SPEECH RATE
        
        DIFFERENT CULTURES VIEW SPEECH RATE DIFFERENTLY
    - - THE FUNCTIONS OF SILENCE
        
        TIME TO THINK
        
        TIME TO FORMULATE
        
        ORGANIZE VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS
        
        TO HURT OTHERS
        
        TO PERSONAL ENXIETY, SHYNESS / THREATS
        
        TO PREVENT COMMUNICATION OF CERTAIN MESSAGES
        
        TO COMMUNICATE EMOTIONAL RESPONSES
        
        TO ACHIEVE SPECIFIC EFFECTS
        
        TO SAY NOTHING
      - THE SPIRAL OF SILENCE
        
        THEORY
        
        MORE LIKELY TO VOICE AGREEMENT THAN DISAGREEMENT
        
        MORE LIKELY TO VOICE YOUR OPINIONS WHEN YOU AGREE WITH THE MAJORITY THAN WHEN YOU DISAGREE
        
        TO AVOID BEING ISOLATED FROM THE MAJORITY / FEAR OF BEING PROVED WRONG / BEING DISLIKED
  - - - PERFUME
      - COLOGNE
      - COLOR
      - CLOTHING
      - JEWELRY
      - HAIRSTYLE
    - - SPACE DECORATION
        
        DECORATION / SURROUNDING OF A PLACE EXERT INFLUENCE ON PERCEPTIONS SHOULD BE OBVIOUS TO ANYONE WHO HAS EVER ENTERED A HOSPITAL
        
        THE WAY YOU DECORATE YOUR PRIVATE SPACE COMMUNICATES SOMETHING WHO YOU ARE
        
        PEOPLE WILL FORM OPINIONS ABOUT YOUR PERSONALITY BASIS OF ROOM DECORATIONS
      - COLOR COMMUNICATION
        
        TAKES PLACE ON MANY LEVELS
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        COLORS AFFECT US PHYSIOLOGICALLY
      - CLOTHING & BODY ADORNMENT
        
        PROTECTS FROM THE WEATHER
        
        COMMUNICATE YOUR POSITION WITHIN THE HIERARCHY
        
        FROM CULTURAL DISPLAYS
        
        CLOTHING INFLUENCE YOUR OWN BEHAVIOR & THE BEHAVIOR OF THE GROUP
        
        JEWELRY ALSO COMMUNICATES MESSAGES
    - - ASPECT
        
        SMELL
      - IN MANY ANIMAL SPECIES THE FEMALE GIVES OFF A SCENT THAT DRAWS MALE
      - WITHOUT SMELL, TASTE WOULD BE SEVERELY IMPAIRED
      - POWERFUL MEMORY AID
      - HELP TO CREATE AN IMAGE
      - IDENTIFY OF THE PRODUCT
      - FUNCTIONS
        
        TO ATTRACT OTHERS
        
        TO AID TASTE
        
        TO AID MEMORY
        
        TO CREATE AN IMAGE
  - - - STUDY OF THE COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTION OF TIME
    - - A PERSON'S EMPHASIS ON
      - ORIENTATION TOWARD THE PAST, PRESENT / FUTURE
    - - MONOCHRONIC TIME
        
        DOES ONE THING AT A TIME
        
        TREATS TIME SCHEDULES & PLANS VERY SERIOUSLY
        
        BREAKING RULES ONLY FOR SERIOUS REASONS
        
        CONSIDER THE JOB THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF LIFE
        
        CONSIDER PRIVACY EXTREMELY IMPORTANT
        
        SELDOM BORROWS / LENDS TO OTHERS
        
        WORK INDEPENDENTLY
      - POLYCHRONIC TIME
        
        DOES SEVERAL THINGS AT ONCE
        
        TREATS TIME SCHEDULE & PLANS AS USEFUL (NOT SACRED) TOOLS
        
        FEELS THEY MAY BE BROKEN FOR A VARIETY OF CAUSES
        
        CONSIDER THE FAMILY & INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE JOB
        
        ACTIVELY INVOLVED WITH OTHERS
        
        WORKS IN THE PRESENCE
        
        WITH LOTS OF PEOPLE AT THE SAME TIME
- - - - EMBLEMS
        
        SUBSTITUTES FOR WORDS
        
        BODY MOVEMENT HAVE RATHER SPECIFIC VERBAL TRANSLATIONS
      - ILLUSTRATORS
        
        ACCOMPANY & LITERALLY ILLUSTRATE VERBAL MESSAGES
        
        MAKE COMMUNICATIONS MORE VIVID
        
        HELP TO MAINTAIN LISTENER'S ATTENTION
        
        HELP TO CLARIFY & INTENSIFY YOUR VERBAL MESSAGES
        
        "LET'S GO UP" & MOVE YOUR HEAD
      - AFFECT DISPLAYS
        
        THE MOVEMENTS OF THE FACE THAT CONVEY EMOTIONAL MEANING THE EXPRESSIONS THAT SHOW ANGER & FEAR, HAPPINESS & SURPRISE, EAGERNESS & FATIGUE
        
        FACIAL EXPRESSIONS THAT GIVE YOU A FALSE IMAGE & LEAD TO PEOPLE SAY "YOU LOOK ANGRY, WHAT'S WRONG?"
      - REGULATORS
        
        MONITOR, MAINTAIN / CONTROL THE SPEAKING OF ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        WHEN YOU LISTEN YOU WILL NOD YOUR HEAD, PURSE YOUR LIPS
      - ADAPTORS
        
        SATISFY SOME NEED & USUALLY OCCUR WITHOUT CONSCIOUS AWARENESS
        
        UNINTENTIONAL MOVEMENTS THAT USUALLY GO UNNOTICED
        
        3 TYPES
        
        SELF-ADAPTORS
        
        USUALLY SATISFY A PHYSICAL NEED, GENERALLY SERVING TO MAKE YOU MORE COMFORTABLE
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        SCRATCHING YOUR HEAD
        
        ALTER-ADAPTORS
        
        THE BODY MOVEMENT YOU MAKE IN RESPONSE TO YOUR CURRENT INTERACTIONS
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        MOVING CLOSER TO SOMEONE YOU LIKE
        
        OBJECT-ADAPTORS
        
        MOVEMENTS THAT INVOLVE YOUR MANIPULATION OF SOME OBJECT
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        CLICKING A BALLPOINT PEN
  - - - GENERAL BODY BUILD, HEIGHT, WEIGHT
      - BODY REVEALS YOUR RACE, THROUGH SKIN COLOR & TONE
- - - - RANGING FROM THE CLOSE PHASE OF ACTUAL TOUCHING TO THE FAR PHASE
      - 6 - 18 INCHES
      - THE PRESENCE OF THE OTHER PERSON IS UNMISTAKABLE
      - EXAMPLE
        
        LOVEMAKING & WRESTLING
        
        COMFORTING & PROTECTING
    - - ALLOWS YOU TO STAY PROTECTED & UNTOUCHED BY OTHERS
      - 18 INCHES TO ABOUT 4 FEET
      - EXAMPLE
        
        TAKE LOVED ONE INTO YOUR PROTECTIVE BUBBLE
    - - YOU LOSE THE VISUAL DETAIL YOU HAD AT THE PERSONAL DISTANCE
      - 4 - 12 FEET
      - EXAMPLE
        
        CONDUCT IMPERSONAL BUSINESS
        
        INTERACT AT A SOCIAL GATHERING
    - - YOU'RE ABLE TO TAKE DEFENSIVE ACTION SHOULD YOU FEEL THREATENED
      - 12 TO MORE THAN 25 FEET
      - EXAMPLE
        
        YOU MIGHT KEEP AT LEAST THIS DISTANCE FOR A DRUNK
  - - - PRIMARY TERRITORIES / HOME TERRITORIES
        
        AREAS THAT YOU MIGHT CALL YOUR OWN
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        YOUR ROOM
        
        DESK
        
        OFFICE
      - SECONDARY TERRITORIES
        
        AREAS THAT DON'T BELONG TO YOU BUT THAT YOU HAVE OCCUPIED
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        CAFETERIA THAT YOU REGULARLY EAT AT
        
        CLASSROOM SEAT
      - PUBLIC TERRITORIES
        
        AREAS THAT ARE OPEN TO ALL PEOPLE
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        MOVIE HOUSE
        
        RESTAURANT
        
        SHOPPING MALL
    - - CENTRAL MARKERS
        
        ITEMS YOU PLACE IN A TERRITORY TO RESERVE IT FOR YOU
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        BOOKS ON YOUR DESK
        
        SWEATER OVER A LIBRARY CHAIR
      - BOUNDARY MARKERS
        
        DIVIDE YOUR TERRITORY FROM THAT OF OTHERS
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        THE ARMREST SEPARATING CHAIRS IN A MOVIE
        
        SUPERMARKET CHECKOUT LINE
      - EAR MARKERS
        
        INDICATE POSSESSION OF A TERRITORY / OBJECT
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        TRADEMARKS
        
        NAMEPLATES
        
        MONOGRAMS
    - - SIGNALED BY THE UNWRITTEN LAW GRANTING THE RIGHT OF INVASION
      - WAYS OF REACTION
        
        WITHDRAWAL
        
        LEAVE THE SCENE
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        HOME
        
        OFFICE
        
        TURF DEFENSE
        
        DEFEND THE TERRITORY
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        "THIS IS MY SEAT"
        
        INSULATION
        
        ERECTING BARRIERS BETWEEN YOURSELF & THOSE WHO WOULD ENCROACH ON YOUR TERRITORY
        
        EXAMPLE
        
        PUTTING UP A FENCE AROUND YOUR PROPERTY
        
        LINGUISTIC COLLUSION
        
        SPEAKING IN A LANGUAGE / JARGON THE "INVADORS" DON'T UNDERSTAND & EXCLUDING THEM FROM YOUR INTERACTIONS