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Cane Toads, cause - Coggle Diagram
Cane Toads
Definitions
ecosystem
environment
organisms interacting
with abiotic and biotic factors
abiotic factors
physical/non-living components
biotic factors
living features
selection pressures
factor that affects
survival and reproduction of individual
within population
ecological niche
place of a species within community
involving relationships with other species
role, position individual has in environment
foods
insects
beetles
bugs
honeybees
ants
crickets
larger animals
native frogs
smaller toads
small mammals
snakes
interactions with biotic factors
interacts with abiotic factors
effect of cane toads on other species
northern quoll
toad posion
acted as selection pressure
genetic diversity among individuals
led to
survival/adaptation
small native mammals
suffered drastic population reduction
when cane toad introduced
Northern Territory
continue to eat be poisoned
'taste aversion' program
quolls be released
live alongside toads
red bellied black snake
poison sensitive snakes
head is getting smaller
areas with cane toads
3-5% longer
comparison
not affected to poison
die quickly with toads in mouth
pest
poisonous
toxic at all stages
eggs
tadpoles
toadlets
adults
ingestion can kill native predators
decline/extinction
native species in NT, QLD
predatory
eat anything they can swallow
adaptive
breed quickly
rapid colonisation
dominate area
competitive
compete with native species
habitats
same food
native frogs
crocodiles
Lake Argyle
look for dead
see what age groups affected
young
eat what fit into mouth
eat toadlets
little poison
enough to make them sick
taste aversion
chance of surviving invasion
not kill them
Fitzroy river
empty of fish
due to cane toads
cane toads (Rhinella Marina)
introduced into Australia
1935
control grey back cane beetle
in sugar cane plantations
102 to millions
pests to Australia
North-eastern Queensland
moving south and west
NSW and WA
ecosystem
grassland
abiotic factors
#
warm weather all year round
nutrient-rich soil
available water sources
precipitation during wet season
biotic factors
#
animals
fungi
bacteria
plants/shrub/grasses
Bermuda Grass
abundant
closed scrub
open forest
low shrubland
woodland
abundant
sand dunes/coastal heath
to rainforest/mangroves
adaptations
camouflage
strong/muscular
big
more toxin
move faster
poison glands
near neck
survival mechanism
cover grounds
make them a threat
breed prolifically
35,000 eggs
active during warm nights
survive 50% water loss
survive 5-40oC
predators
eat tongue
attack belly
little poison
water rat, giant white-tailed rat, wolf spiders, freshwater crayfish
effect of selection pressures on
new evidence
shows cane toads are evolving
"spatial sorting"
toads getting quicker
#
accelerated speed of invasion
offspring that are fast
mutations make it faster
release sites
Fogg Dam
longer legs
fast
bigger
Queensland
nomadic
slow
slow toads
end up
behind invasion front
10km/year
now 60km/year
every generation
average speed is increasing
problems
Arthritis of spine
pressure of moving quickly
although move the same amount
vulnerable immune system
due to stress
used to control them
cause