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Physiological psychosocial and spiritual changes of postpartum - Coggle…
Physiological psychosocial and spiritual changes of postpartum
1.Postpartum period
1.Immediate Puerperium
24 hours after delivery.
2.Early Puerperium
2 - 7 days after delivery.
3.Late Puerperium
2nd week - after delivery.
3.Maternal physiological changes of postpartum period
Changes in the reproductive system
Uterus
1.Autolysis or self-digestion
Postpartum period. Estrogen and progesterone levels will decrease. Causing the secretion of Proteolytic enzyme to digest protein in the cytoplasm of muscle cells.
2.Ischemia or localized anemia
The postpartum period, the uterine muscles contract, causing severe contractions in the uterus, resulting in decreased blood supply to the uterus.
Lochia
2.Lochia serosa
4-9 day postpartum, Faint red or pink until brown.
3.Lochia alba
10 day - 6weeks postpartum.
Faint yellow
Or white.
1.Lochia rubra
2-3 day postpartum ,Dark red.
Cervix
Postpartum, the cervix is very soft and Malleable.
Inner and outer cervix, vulva and lower uterine segment becomes thinner, swollen, and small tear marks.
Perineal
Perineal pain after delivery and the wound will heal in normal within 5-7 days
Breast
2.Transitional milk
Production continued from colostrum until about 2 weeks after ddelivery.
3.True milk or
Mature milk
2 weeks after delivery .The true milk is white. It contains water the most , protein, fat, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins.
1.Colostrum
Production from the early stages of pregnancy and continuing until 2-3 days after delivery.
Let down reflex
After delivery, estrogen and progesterone are decrease, resulting in the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland, cortisol and Insulin will stimulate the production of milk.
Changes in the endocrine system
Placental hormone
Decrease human placental lactogen (HPL),human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) in 24 hours after delivery.
Decrease Estrogen in 4 day.
Pituitary hormones
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone ( LH) decrease in 10-12 day after delivery.
Growth hormone
Fasting plasma glucose is low.
Plasma renin and angiotensin II
reduced to normal levels.
Changes in the cardiovascular system
Blood constituents
White Blood Cell
10-12 days after delivery is 20,000 - 25,000 / mm3.
Coagulation factors
Increase during the 7-10 days after delivery.
Hematocrit
Increases on the 3rd - 7th day after delivery.
Blood pressure and pulse
Some mothers after birth may have a slow pulse.
May be as low as 50 beats / minute called Puerperal bradycardia.
Varicose veins
Hemorrhoids during birth very swollen. Even after delivery may be painful for 2-3 days, but the size will gradually decrease.
Blood volume
Immediately after birth, the amount of blood in the circulatory system will increase suddenly.
Changes in the respiratory system
Metabolic acidosis
Hypocapnia
Changes in the urinary system
1.Urethra and bladder
Injury of the urethra and bladder.
Difficulty urinating.
Tends to be caused by inflammation of the urinary tract.
Should the urge to urinate every 4-6 hours.
2.Renal function
Hormones decreased, the kidneys also decreased.
Blood urea nitrogen will increase in the postpartum period.
Renal plasma flow and glumerular filtration in the first week after birth remain high within 12 hours.
Urine released from the body and water lost through sweat will cause weight loss in the first phase after birth, approximately 2-2.5 kg.
2.Psychosocial and spiritual changes
of postpartum period
Changes to maternal role
2.Taking hold phase
3-10 day.
3.Letting go phase
10 day-2 weeks.
Abandon the old role.
Accept the fact that to be separated
from their children.
1.Taking in phase
1-2 day.
Postpartum blues or Baby blues
Signs and symptoms
Crying easily for no reason.
Sad and lonely.
Confused .
Fatigue, insomnia.
Don't want to eat.
Easy to forget. No concentration.
Guidelines for treatment
Symptoms resolve spontaneously but the nurse should give psychological help prop.
Explain the changing mood of the mother to her husband and relatives.
Helps to relieve tension.
Postpartum psychosis
1.Decrease in estrogen and progesterone during the first 72 hours after delivery.
2.Stress, Fatigue, Perineal pain,
Breast pain,Hemorrhoids.
3.Have mental stress during the role
of motherhood.
4.There are conflicts between people such as conflicts between themselves and husband.
5.Feelings of neglect and lack of interest due to the postpartum period.
Nursing role in promoting the role of mothers for postpartum mothers
1.Give advice about raising child after postpartum.
2.Give the mother an opportunity to be close to the baby.
3.Encouraging confidence in being a mother
4.Provide opportunities for mothers to talk and counsel.
5.Arrange the time and place appropriately and private to the father ,mother and the first child build familiarity. before bringing baby home.
