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Game Design By Author - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Aristotle
  - - - Natural Language
        
        Vs Menu Based Communication
      - Body gestures
        
        Vs Controllers
    - - Vs Cut Scenes
    - - Emergence
        
        Bottom-Up Emergent Systems
        
        Created "on the run"
        
        Top-Down Emergent Systems
        
        Pre-Scripted
        
        Wrap gameplay into story
        
        Start from a specific world
    - - Narrative immersion
        
        Temporal
        
        Curiosity
        
        Surprise
        
        Suspence
        
        Spatial
        
        Emotional
        
        Towards Ourselves
        
        Empathy for Others
        
        Epistemic
        
        Social Immersion
      - Ludic Immersion
  - - - Stories based on decision trees
      - Hypertext fiction and simulation games (like The Sims)
      - Table-top role playing games
      - Interactive drama (eg. Facade)
      - Interactive Fiction
  - - - Rule Based Play (games)
        
        Narrative Games
    - - Free Play
        
        Playable Stories
- - - - Deep characters
        
        Narrative Pole
      - Shallow, hollow bots
        
        Ludic Pole
      - Shallow characters
    - - Multicursal Labyrinth
      - Open landscape
      - Linear Corridor
      - Mainly Player Agency
      - Hub-Shaped Quest Landscape
      - One-Room
    - - Selectable
        
        Dynamic satellites (Playable Story)
        
        Dynamic kernels (multipath)
      - Plotted
        
        Fully plotted (Pure Story)
      - Mainly Author Agency
      - Open
        
        No kernels (pure game)
    - - User-Created
        
        Creatable
        
        Inventible
      - Static
        
        static, non-interactable objects
        
        Static, usable objects
      - Dynamic
        
        Destructible
        
        Changeable
  - - - Choice between kernels, fixed satellites
    - - Choice between kernels, flexible satellites
    - - fixed kernels, flexible satellites
    - - No Kernels, flexible discourse: just a game
- - - - Unpredictable Outcome contrary to Learning Goals?
      - Character Centred Approach
        
        Role-Play Games (RPG)
        
        Game Master
        
        Campaign Plan
        
        Encounter Types
        
        Information-Gathering
        
        Problem-Solving
        
        Social
        
        Combat
        
        Descriptive
        
        Levels of Control
        
        Plot - Narrative
        
        Abstract Action - Character
        
        Physical acton: Cog - Character
        
        Physical action: React - Character
        
        Collaboration
        
        Interactive Theatre
        
        Forum Theatre
        
        spectACTOR
        
        Live historical re-enactment.
        
        Improvisational theatre
      - Story Episodes
      - Emergent Vs Interactive
      - Narrative Modes
        
        Telling
        
        Showing
        
        Experiencing
      - Narrative as Process
        
        "Storification"
        
        Heath
    - - Levels of Narrative
        
        Actions
        
        Narratives
        
        Functions
        
        Barthes
      - Linguistics
    - - Prescriptive function of events
        
        Narrative as Artefact
      - Fabula
        
        Story
      - Sjuzet
        
        Plot
    - - Dominance of Plot
      - Authorial
        
        Narration
    - - Mimesis
        
        Showing
        
        Theories emerging from cinema
      - Diegesis
        
        Telling
        
        Theories emerging from literature
    - - Presence
      - Interactivity
      - Contingency
      - Narrative Representation
    - - Role of Emotion
  - - - "Storification"
- - - - Narrative hooks
      - Perceptions
      - Sensations
- - - - Schema of game Emotion (Perron, 2005
        
        Fiction Emotion
        
        Artefact Emotion
        
        Gameplay Emotion
    - - Personification (Miller in Salen & Zimmerman, 2004)
    - - Jenkins, 2004)
      - Praxis
    - - Environmental Storytelling (Jenkins 2004)
      - Hierarchy of Abstracting in Game Worlds (Juul, 2005)
        
        Iconic
        
        Incoherent
        
        Abstract
        
        Coherent
  - - - "Suspension of Disbelief"
        
        Fiction Emotion
    - - Artefact Emotion
    - - "Flow"
        
        Gameplay Emotion
- - - - Concerned with "gameness" as a cultural artefact
    - - No "gameness" but can be modelled by game theory
  - - - Language game of Definitions
      - Description Vs Narration
      - Character Identification: Other Vs Self
        
        Exploration of world and self-mastery Vs Interpersonal Relationships
        
        Structuralism defines characters by function
        
        Emma Bovary & Anna Karenina
      - Representation Vs Simulation
        
        Counter-factual Simulations
      - History Vs Strategy
        
        Interactive focus on possible choices, narrative focus on consequences of decisions made
      - Agency Vs Scripted
        
        Narrative part of the decision-making
      - Experienced in present Vs Experienced retrospectively
        
        Games only become stories after the fact, in the retelling
      - Experience or Phenomenology Vs Theory
        
        Theoretically no difference between them