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Game-Based Learning, Types of Interactivity, Interactive Narrative, Fe …

- - - - Gamification
        
        Meaningful Gamification
        
        Nicholson, 2015)
      - Serious Games
        
        Games Based Learning
        
        Affordances (Game Mechanics)
        
        Achievements / Progression
        
        Progression
        
        Clear Goals, Quests, missions, tasks
        
        2 more items...
        
        Levels
        
        Increasing Difficulty
        
        Time, Speed
        
        Progress, Status, Skill Trees
        
        Quizzes, Questions
        
        Achievement
        
        Points, Score, XP
        
        Badges, Achievements, Medals, Trophies
        
        Leaderboards, Rankings
        
        Performance Stats / Feedback
        
        Immersion
        
        Narrative, Narration, Storytelling, Dialogues, Theme
        
        See "Narrative for Learning"
        
        Virtual World, 3D World, Game World
        
        Role Play
        
        Avatar, Character, Virtual Identity
        
        In-Game Rewards
        
        Social
        
        Collaboration, Co-Operation, Teams
        
        Collaboration
        
        3 more items...
        
        Competition
        
        Peer Rating
        
        Multi-Player
        
        Collective Voting
        
        Social Networking Features
        
        Non-Digital Elements
        
        Motion Tracking
        
        Physical Cards
        
        Check-Ins, Location Data
        
        Physical Playboard
        
        Real-World / Financial Reward
        
        Real-World Interactive Objects
        
        Feedback / Support
        
        Support
        
        Types of Learning Support
        
        4 more items...
        
        Meta Reflection Strategies
        
        5 more items...
        
        Function of Support
        
        3 more items...
        
        Miscellaneous
        
        Customisation, Personalisation
        
        Full Game Board
        
        Assistance, Virtual Helpers
        
        Virtual Currency
        
        Reminders, Cues, Notifications, Annotations
        
        Penalties
        
        Onboarding
        
        Mapping Game & Narrative Mechanics against Learning Strategies and Outcomes
        
        Pedagogical Strategies
        
        Constructivist
        
        1 more item...
        
        Social / Situated
        
        2 more items...
        
        Behavioural
        
        1 more item...
        
        Transformative / Humanist
        
        Integration of Game Mechanics and Learning Actions
        
        Existing Frameworks
        
        7 more items...
        
        Anderson et al. 2001 in Fe (2016)
        
        Underlying relationships between observable variables
        
        1 more item...
        
        Based on Bloom Taxonomy?
        
        Learning and Narrative Strategies
        
        Pattern Recognition / Causal Relationships
        
        1 more item...
        
        See "Narrative for Learning"
        
        (Adapted from Koivisto, et al, 2019)
        
        Dynamics, Mechanics, Components
        
        Werbach & Hunter, 2012) :red_flag:
        
        Core Game Mechanic / Genres
        
        Kirriemuir & McFarlane (2004) advocated Herz’s(1997) in :red_flag: Conolley (2007); Fe (2016)
        
        role-playing games
        
        simulations
        
        puzzle games
        
        adventure games
        
        sports games
        
        action games
        
        strategy games
        
        Serious Game Mechanic (SM)
        
        Arnab (2015)
        
        Learning Outcomes
        
        Dimensions of Learning Outcomes
        
        Learning Outcomes
        
        Psychological / Affective
        
        3 more items...
        
        Behavioural Outcomes
        
        3 more items...
        
        Cognitive Outcomes
        
        2 more items...
        
        Social Outcomes
        
        2 more items...
        
        Fe (2016); Connolly et al (2012); Koivisto, J. & Hamari, J. (2019); Dichev, C & Dicheva, D. (2017); Dondlinger (2007)
        
        Domain Specific or Generic
        
        Fe (2016)
        
        21st Century / Soft Skills = Domain Generic
        
        Acquisition or Application
        
        Fe (2016)
        
        Fe (2016)
        
        Mott et al (2010)
        
        Learning Effectiveness
        
        Motivation
        
        Pre-Determinants
        
        Demographic
        
        Bittner & Schipper, 2014 :red_flag: Koivisto & Hamari, 2014
        
        Player Types
        
        Butler, (2014); Hall, Glanz, Caton, & Weinhardt, (2013); Gooch et al., 2016 :red_flag:
        
        Subjects / Disciplines
        
        Ways to embed Pedagogical Principles
        
        DeTroyer (2017)
        
        Through Narrative Events
        
        Through Game Mechanics
        
        Fe (2016)
        
        Simulation (simplified)
        
        Authoring Tool
        
        Representation (of Conceptual Knowledge)
        
        Contextualisation (Micro-World)
        
        Theoretical Underpinnings
        
        Constructionism
        
        Situated Learning
        
        See "Positioning / Situating of Elements"
        
        Constructivism
        
        Dondlinger (2007)
        
        Instructional Theory
        
        9 Events of Instruction (Gagne)
        
        Blooms Taxonomy
        
        Gunter et al (2006) - See RETAIN in "Existing Frameworks"
        
        See "Motivation / Engement"
        
        Serious Game Design Frameworks
        
        RETAIN
        
        Gunter et al, (2006) :red_flag:
        
        LM-GM
        
        Arnab et al.(2015) :red_flag:
        
        ATMSG
        
        Carvalho et al. (2015) :red_flag:
        
        Abt (1970); Michael & Chen, (2005); Klopfer et al (2009) :red_flag:
      - Entertainment
      - Educational Games
        
        Edutainment
    - - Definitions: Rule bound
        
        Levels of Rule
        
        Allow for manipulation of game elements
        
        Rules defining goal of the game
        
        Arnab (2015)
      - Caillois (1961); Maroney, (2001); Salen, K. & Zimmerman, E. (2004); Juul (2005) :red_flag:
    - - Distinctions or Dimensions
        
        External Observers Vs Immersed Players
        
        Agency Vs Scripted
        
        History or Strategy
        
        Representation Vs Simulation
        
        Character Identification: Self Vs Other
        
        Plot makes a story & Rules make a game Vs Tellable Events
        
        Phenomenological or Theoretical Distinctions
        
        Simons (2006)
      - What we call games is actually software
        
        Narrative elements
        
        Game Elements
        
        Aarseth (2012)
  - - - Stages of Play / Development
    - - Expression of Internal Experiences
    - - Barab et al
    - - Ryan (2009)
  - - - Free Play
    - - Rule Based Play (games)
- - - - Narrative Games
        
        Real-World
        
        Escape Rooms
        
        Ryan (2009)
        
        Ludia
        
        Mixed Reality
        
        Board Games
        
        Mediated
        
        Computer Games
      - Playable Stories
        
        Mixed Reality
        
        Table-top role playing games
        
        Louchard & Aylett (2003)
        
        Game Master
        
        Alternate Reality Games
        
        Puppetmaster
        
        Emergence
        
        Top Down Emergence
        
        Bottom Up Emergence
        
        Mediated
        
        Interactive Fiction
        
        Stories based on decision trees
        
        Hypertext fiction
        
        Choose Your Own Adventure
        
        Interactive drama
        
        Real-World
        
        Interactive Drama
        
        Forum Theatre
        
        spectACTOR
        
        Improvised Theatre
        
        Process Theatre
        
        Padia
      - Can any of these be linked to "Types of Interactivity?"
    - - Emergent
        
        Louchart & Aylett (2004)
        
        Story Episodes
        
        Character takes Dominant Role
    - - Branching
        
        Storyworld First
        
        Environmental Storytelling
        
        Enacted narratives
        
        Embedded / Distributed narratives
        
        Emergent narratives
        
        Jenkins (2004)
        
        Evoked narratives
        
        Gameplay First
    - - Louchard & Aylett (2003)
      - Physical acton: Cog - Character
      - Physical action: React - Character
      - Plot - Narrative
      - Abstract Action - Character
  - - - Showing
    - - Experiencing
    - - Telling
        
        Plato
  - - - See "Plot"
  - - - Choice between kernels, fixed satellites
        
        See "Branching / Gameplay First"
    - - Choice between kernels, flexible satellites
        
        See "Branching / Storyworld First"
    - - fixed kernels, flexible satellites
    - - No Kernels, flexible discourse: just a game
        
        See "emergent"
- - - - Weiss et al. (2005) :red_flag:
    - - Gobel et al. (2008) :red_flag:
    - - Torrente et al. (2010) :red_flag:
  - - - Gobel (2009)
- - - - Naul (2020); Mott, Lee, Rowe, Lester, McQuiggan et al
      - Motivation
        
        See "Motivation / Engagement"
      - Mott et al (2010)
      - Learning effectiveness
        
        See "Narrative Psychology"
        
        See "Narrative Learning"
        
        See "Learning Outcomes"
      - Assessing Outcomes
        
        Proximal Level
        
        Performance and classroom assessments
        
        Game choices
        
        Distal Level
        
        External developmental achievement test items
        
        Close Level
        
        Log-Files & In-Game Submissions
        
        See "Design Based Research"
        
        Barab et al (2010)
        
        Stealth Assessment
        
        Shute V. J., 2009 :red_flag:
      - Mapping Narrative Mechanics Against Learning Outcomes
        
        See "Mapping Narrative / Game Mechanics against Learning Outcomes"
        
        Unpredictable Outcome contrary to Learning Goals?
    - - Use Failures to Teach
      - Allow Off-Task Behaviors
      - Support Core Concepts
      - Support Transfer of Learning
      - Become a Character in the Game
      - Barab (2009)
    - - Performer
        
        Experiential Learning Cycle
      - Audience
      - Author
      - Barab et al (2010)
  - - - See "Situated Learning"
      - Content (with legitimacy)
        
        Positioning
        
        Barab and Roth (2006)
        
        Implicit
        
        Explicit
        
        Types of Content Engagement
        
        Gresalfi et al. (2009) :red_flag:
        
        Conceptual
        
        Consequential
        
        Procedural
        
        Critical
      - Context (With Consequentiality)
        
        See "Story World"
        
        Positioning
        
        Noisy
        
        Tailored
      - Person (with intentionality)
        
        See "Character"
      - Barab et al (2006; 2010)
    - - Structure / Plot
        
        Plot
        
        Alignment of Plot and Learning
        
        Narrative Context Vs Synergy of Plot & Learning
        
        Fisch (2005) ; :red_flag: Dondlinger (2007)
        
        Types of Plot
        
        Epic
        
        Aristotle
        
        Dramatic
        
        Epistemic
        
        Ryan (2008)
        
        Micro-Narrraive / Localised Incidents
        
        Jenkins (2004)
        
        Perceptions
        
        Sensations
        
        Narrative Hooks
        
        Event Types
        
        Kernels
        
        Satellites
        
        Aarseth (2012)
        
        Level of Interactivity
        
        Aarseth (2012)
        
        Open
        
        Dynamic kernels (multipath)
        
        Selectable
        
        Dynamic kernels (multipath)
        
        Dynamic satellites (Playable Story)
        
        Plotted
        
        Fully plotted (Pure Story)
        
        Integration of Action and Story Vs Cut Scenes
        
        Ryan (2009)
        
        Encounter Types
        
        Information-Gathering
        
        Problem-Solving
        
        Social
        
        Combat
        
        Descriptive
        
        Louchard & Aylett (2003)
        
        Structure
        
        See "Types of Narrative"
      - Storyworld
        
        Hierarchy of Abstracting in Game Worlds
        
        Iconic
        
        Incoherent
        
        Abstract
        
        Coherent
        
        (Juul, 2005) in Bizzocchi (2007)
        
        Endogenous Fantasy
        
        Exogenous Vs Endogenous
        
        Naul (2020)
        
        Environmental Storytelling
        
        Jenkins (2004)
        
        See "Environmental Storytelling"
        
        Curriculum as Ideological
        
        Ideological Frames
        
        Implications
        
        Contestation
        
        Reinforcement
        
        Ideological Worlds
        
        Squire, (2006) :red_flag:
        
        Identity Texts
        
        Wholwend, (2009) :red_flag:
        
        Bogost, (2006) :red_flag:
        
        Level of Interactivity
        
        Types of Storyworld
        
        Hub-Shaped Quest Landscape
        
        Multicursal Labyrinth
        
        Open landscape
        
        Linear Corridor
        
        One-Room
        
        Objects
        
        Types of Objects
        
        Dynamic
        
        Changeable
        
        Destructible
        
        Static
        
        Static, usable objects
        
        static, non-interactable objects
        
        User-Created
        
        Inventible
        
        Creatable
        
        Aarseth (2012)
      - Character
        
        Empathetic Characters
        
        Personification
        
        (Miller in Salen & Zimmerman, 2004) :red_flag:
        
        Identity Development
        
        Holistic Transformation
        
        Gadamer (1989) :red_flag:
        
        Calling an Identity into Existence
        
        Gee (2003)
        
        Player Identity
        
        Projective Identity
        
        Hybrid Player-Character Identity
        
        Exploration of situated identities
        
        Barab et al (2010)
        
        Level of Interactivity
        
        Aarseth (2012)
        
        Shallow characters
        
        Deep characters
        
        Narrative Pole
        
        Shallow bots
        
        Ludic Pole
      - Narrative Interface
        
        Bizzocchi (2007)' Ryan (2009)
        
        Natural Interface
        
        Body gestures
        
        Vs Controllers
        
        Natural Language
        
        Vs Menu Based Communication
      - Meaning / Theme
      - Content / Exposition
- - - - "Suspension of Disbelief"
        
        See "Fiction Emotion"
    - - Spatial
        
        See Storyworld
      - Epistemic
      - Temporal
        
        Suspence
        
        Surprise
        
        See "Plot"
        
        Curiosity
      - Emotional
        
        Towards Ourselves
        
        Empathy for Others
        
        See "Character"
      - Social Immersion
      - Ryan (2009)
  - - - "Flow"
        
        See "Gameplay Emotion"
    - - See "Artefact Emotion"