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Cells - Coggle Diagram
Cells
Plant Cell
Cytoplasm: where chemical reactions take place and contains ribosomes, RER and vesicles
Cell Membrane: forms barrier between cell and surroundings, controls movement in and out of the cell, partially permeable
Vacuole: large, contains cell sap which maintains turgor pressure and stores salts and sugars
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): sends signals from nucleus to ribosomes to make protein, ribosomes on outer surface, transport proteins made by ribosomes and small pieces form vesicles to transport the proteins around the cell
Vesicles: small cellular containers that perform a variety of functions. They can be used to move molecules, secrete substances, digest materials, or regulate the pressure in the cell.
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Mitochondria: where aerobic respiration occurs, provides energy
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Cell Wall: prevents cell from bursting, gives shape of cell and allows substances through (fully permeable)
Differentiated Cells
Sperm: Lots of mitochondria to provide the energy to get to egg, tail to move (breaks off when enters egg), enzymes on head to help enter egg, haploid (half the necessary DNA) and small
Root Hair: large surface area to increase rate of absorption, lots of mitochondria to provide the energy fro active transport, large vacuole for efficient osmosis, carrier proteins to take in minerals, thin cell walls and tiny hairs increase surface area
Ciliated Epithelial: moves mucus and dust in the trachea and bronchi through use of tiny, hair-like structures called cilia which beat back and forth to create a current - smoking paralyzes cilia
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Palisade: large vacuole so chloroplasts are pushed closer to the top and large surface area so chloroplasts are crammed in
Red Blood: contains hemoglobin (which bonds to oxygen), no nucleus, very small and flexible to pass through capillaries and biconcave for more surface area
Neuron (nerve cell): axon is covered in myelin sheath which acts as insulator increasing speed of transmission (role: conduct electrical impulses), lots of mitochondria which provide energy for synthesizing neurotransmitters and dendrites provide larger surface area allowing nerve to from more synapses
Animal Cell
Cell Membrane: forms barrier between cell and surroundings, controls movement in and out of the cell, partially permeable
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): sends signals from nucleus to ribosomes to make protein, ribosomes on outer surface, transport proteins made by ribosomes and small pieces form vesicles to transport the proteins around the cell
Cytoplasm: where chemical reactions take place and contains ribosomes, RER and vesicles
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Mitochondria: where aerobic respiration occurs, provides energy
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Vesicles: small cellular containers that perform a variety of functions. They can be used to move molecules, secrete substances, digest materials, or regulate the pressure in the cell.
Levels of Organization
Cell: Basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Contains cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.
Organ: a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions
Tissue: a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function (made up of only one type of cell)
Organ System: a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions
Respiratory System: trachea, lungs and bronchi
Digestive System: esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine and rectum
Circulatory System: heart, veins and arteries
Reproductive System: scrotum, testes, penis, ovaries, uterus, vagina and cervix
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Excretory System: large intestine, kidney (excess water), skin (sweat), lungs (carbon dioxide and water) and liver
Plants Vascular System: stem, flowers, fruits, roots, leaf and tubers
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Organism: the highest level of organization in a multicellular organism, consisting of several organ systems
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