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Variable, PDF(x) = CDF'(x) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - correlation, not causation
    - - identify cause and effect
  - - - continuous
      - discrete
    - - ordinal
        
        has ranking or relationship
      - nominal
  - - - test a relevant value agianst a hypothesized value
    - - compare the same variable across 2 or more groups
    - - score the same sample for multiple variables
        
        looking for relationship
- - - - how frequent we expect different outcomes to occur if we repeat over and over
    - - a random variable x takes on a defined
        set of values with different probabilities
        
        discrete
        
        continuous
    - - properties
        
        0 < P(x) < 1
        
        sumP(x) = 1
        
        maps the possible values of x against their respective probabilities of occurrence
      - types
        
        probability mass function
        
        discrete random variables
        
        cumulative distribution function
        
        not sum to 1, the maximum = 1
        
        tells the probability of a range of outcomes (<= x
        
        probability density function #
        
        continuous variables
        
        sum to 1
        
        can use integrals to calculate PDF in certain range
        
        construct a PDF from data
        
        convert data to histogram
        
        calculate proportion of the total that each bin contains
        
        plot the proportion vs the bins
        
        fit this curve