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1st Two Stages of Piaget's theory, Efa, Denise, Min Li, Syahirah -…
1st Two Stages of Piaget's theory
Sensorimotor Stage
Definition
Refers to the earliest stage (birth to 2 years) in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
This stage is characterized as the period of a child's life when learning occurs through a child's sensory and motor interactions with the physical environment
Also known as "The active child"
Characteristics
Involves sensation and perception
To understand the world through the information taken in from senses and their action on it.
Main achievement during this stage is object permanence
Requires the ability to form a mental representation of the object
Includes 2 types of coordinations
Coordination of sense of perception
Coordination of muscle movement
Comprises of:
1-4 months:
Primary circular reaction
Refines simple behaviours, repeats and combines them
Reaching, grasping, sucking on hands/fingers (not taught to suck, but a sudden event.)
4-8 months:
Secondary circular reaction
Repeats activity using objects, begins limited imitation
Accidentally makes a mobile in the crib move, notices it, tries to make it happen again.
8-12 months:
Coordination of reaction
Plans a movement to make something happen
Pulls a string to bring a toy closer
12-18 months:
Tertiary circular reaction
Experiments with objects to create new events
Not dropping something on purpose but rather, experimenting to see what happens when something is dropped.
Birth-1 month
Reflexes, simple inborn behaviours
Crying, sucking ,grasping
18-24 months
Imagines events and solves problems, invents through mental combination, begins to use words
Pretends to throw a ball, calls to a caregiver/parent, 'Here, ball.'
Preoperational Stage
Definition
The preoperational stage is the second stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage begins around age 2 and lasts until approximately age 7. During this period, children are thinking at a symbolic level but are not yet using cognitive operations.
Characteristics
there is limitation in thinking. Thinking is :
egocentric — difficulty taking viewpoint of others
animistic —belief that inanimate objects have human feelings and intentions
Ability to think about people / objects in their absence
Can think about things symbolically — ability make one thing stand for something other than itself
Increase in ability to hold & store mental images
Centration — only focus on one aspect of a situation at one time
Parallel play -- play next to people instead of playing with them
Pretend play -- pretend to be people they are not., play these roles with props that symbolize real life objects. may invent imaginary play mate
object permenance fully developed
Efa, Denise, Min Li, Syahirah