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Carbon Allotropes Model, a property - Coggle Diagram
Carbon Allotropes Model
Models
What they are
predict what may happen
show scientific concept
simple representation of reality
help understand
how something happens
limitations
#
only as good as information put in them
rules of thumb
never confuse a model with reality
an unvalidated model
is an invalid model
models are a means to an end
not end themselves
types
diagrams
drawing or visual representation
most basic
simple or complex
physical replicas
for something large or small
show structure/function/process
mathematic model
equation
demonstrate relationship between variables
computer simulation
complex mathematical model
anology
comparison of concept
to something in everyday life
Diamond
Structure
each carbon atom
bonded to 4 other carbon atoms
tetrahedral shape
3D shape
makes diamond hard
high density
high melting and boiling points
6 membraned carbon rings
valence electrons
all used in bonding
no free electrons
non-conductor of electricity
Allotropy
different forms of a chemical element
different physical properties
carbon demonstrates allotropy
graphite
diamond
carbon atoms bonded to each other
covalent bonding of atoms
carbon electron configuration
2.4
Graphite
Structure
each carbon atom
bonded to 3 other carbon atoms
consists of 6 flat membraned rings
valence electrons
3 bond per carbon atom
free valence electron
forms delocalised electron cloud
reason for
conduction of electricity
#
electricity moves through layers
2D lattices packed onto each other
by weak intermolecular forces
layers slide across each other
#
reason for
lubrication of graphite
slipperness
Van der Waal dispersion forces
hexagonal lattice
single layer
graphene
properties
high melting point
break covalent bonds
low density
space between sheets
Completed Model
Limitations
does not show electron sharing
covalent bonding
does not show free electrons in graphite
to conduct electricity
not appropriate scales between bonding
does not demonstrate physical properties
represent the reason for some properties
not all
fragile
break easily
Features
Black Foam balls
carbon atoms
toothpicks
covalent bonding
wire
Van der Waal forces
benefits
shows the general structure and shape
shows each carbon atom
shows how many each carbon atom bonds with
3 for graphite
4 for diamond
shows the covalent bonding
diamond model
graphite model
a property