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Piaget's first 2 Cognitive Developmental Stages (Clara, Sarisa, Kesha,…

- - - - Object permanence- the ability to remember an object even if it disappears
      - Mental Representation- Able to remember and copy the behaviour of models who are not present
  - - - Infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor actions
    - - Birth to 1 month
        
        Reflexes, simple inborn behaviours
        (eg. crying, sucking,grasping)
        
        8-12 months
        
        Intentionality : plans a movement to make something happen (pulls a string to bring toy or object closer)
        
        12-18 months
        
        Experiment with objects to create new events (tertiary circular reaction) (eg. throwing, dropping things to understand movements)
      - 1-4 months
        
        Refines simple behaviours,repeats and combines them by chance (eg. reaching, grasping, sucking on hand or finger)
      - 4-8 months
        
        Repeats activities using objects, starts imitating people
      - 18-24 months
        
        Imaginative mind, imagined events and solves problems, invents through mental combination, starts to use words ( pretends play)
- - - - Centration is the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation at one time which means that a child can focus on more than one aspect of a situation at the same time meaning that they have the ability to decenter. However, during this stage children may have difficulties thinking about more than one aspect of any situation at the same time and they would also have trouble decentering in social situation just as they do in non-social. contexts.
    - - Egocentrism refers to the child's inability to see a situation from another person's point of view as they are usually egocentric during this stage.
    - - At the beginning of this stage children usually engage in parallel play meaning that they often play in the same room as other children but they play next to others rather than with them. Each child is absorbed in its own private world and speech is egocentric. That is to say the main function of speech at this stage is to externalize the child’s thinking rather than to communicate with others.
    - - Toddlers often pretend to be people they are not and may play these roles with props that symbolize real life objects. Children may also invent an imaginary playmate. As the pre-operational stage develops egocentrism declines and children begin to enjoy the participation of another child in their games and “lets pretend “ play becomes more important.
    - - This happens in the early preoperational period (ages 2-3) which is marked by a dramatic increase in children’s use of the symbolic function. This is the ability to make one thing(a word or an object ) stand for something other than itself. Language is the most obvious form of symbolism that young children display.