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LISTENING IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - Coggle Diagram
LISTENING IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
THE IMPORTANT OF LISTENING
Listening is a crucial skills
The benefit of listening is to create and convey strength
These listening skills play an important role as we develop and maintain a variety of interpersonal relationships
Purpose of listening
To Learn
to learn about and understand other people.
To Relate
-when you listen attentively and your support communicates concern to others.
-doing this is a way of telling them that you care about them
To Influence
to influence other people’s attitude, values, belief, opinions, and behaviors
To Play
to be enjoyable for the moment
To Help
concerns and help us solve our problems
THE PROCESS OF LISTENING
Stage 1 : Receiving
Hearing is the process of receiving the messages the speaker sends.
Receiving is a physiological, passive process of hearing vibrations around you
Ways to improve receiving skills are :
Focus your attention on the speaker’s verbal and nonverbal messages.
Avoid distractions in the environment.
Maintain your role as listener and avoid interrupting.
Stage 2 : Understanding
Learn what speaker means (thoughts and emotions)
Ways of improve listening understand are :
Avoid assuming you understand.
See the speaker’s messages from the speaker’s point of view.
Ask questions for clarification
Rephrase (paraphrase) the speaker’s ideas in your own words.
Stage 3 : Remembering
Effective listening depends on remembering.
You remember not what was said, but what you remember was said.
Memory is reconstructive, not reproductive
Ways to facilitate the passage of information from short-to long-term memory are :
Focus your attention on the central ideas.
Organize what you hear; summarize the message in a more easily retained form
Unite the new with old; relate new information to what you already know
Repeat names and key concepts to yourself
Stage 4 : Evaluating
Evaluating consists of judging the messages
Evaluation considerations are:
Resist evaluation until you fully understand the speaker’s point of view
Distinguish facts from opinions and personal interpretations by the speaker.
Identify any biases, self-interests, or prejudices that may lead the speaker to slant unfairly what is said.
Recognize fallacious forms of “reasoning” such as:
Name-calling
Testimonial
Bandwagon
Stage 5 : Responding
Two phases of responding are responses are:
you make while the speaker is talking (supportive)
responses you make after the speaker has stopped talking.
Responses made after the speaker has stopped talking that include:
expressing empathy (“I know how you must feel”)
asking for clarification (“Do you mean this new health plan replace the old one?”)
challenging (“I think your evidence is weak here?”)
agreeing (“You’re absolutely right on this”)
THE STYLES OF EFFECTIVE LISTENING
Empathic and Objective Listening
Empathic Listening
listen to feel the other’s feelings, fully understand the other’s meaning; usually the preferred mode of listening.
Objective Listening
measure someone’s feelings against objective reality
Adjusting your empathic and objective listening:
Punctuate from the speaker’s point of view
Engage in equal, two-way conversation
Seek to understand both thought and feeling
Avoid “offensive” listening
Strive to be objective
Nonjudgmental and Critical Listening
Nonjudgmental Listening
listen with an open mind toward understanding
Critical Listening
listening to analyze and evaluate messages
Adjusting your nonjudgmental and critical listening:
Keep an open mind and avoid prejudging
Avoid filtering out and oversimplifying complex messages
Recognize your own biases; watch for assimilation
Avoid sharpening
Recognize the fallacies of language
Four common barriers that challenge critical listening:
Weasel
words are those terms whose meanings
are slippery and difficult to pin down
Euphemisms
make the negative and unpleasant
appear positive and appealing
Jargon
is the specialized language of a
professional class
Gobbledygook
is overly complex language that overwhelms that listener instead of communicating meaning
Surface and Depth Listening
Surface Listening
listening to the literal meaning of words and sentences
Depth Listening
listening to underlying message about the person’s feelings and needs
Regulating your surface and depth listening:
Focus on both verbal and nonverbal messages
Listen for both content and relational messages
Make special note of self-referential statements-statements referring back to speaker
Don’t disregard surface or literal meaning
Active and Inactive Listening
The functions of active listening are:
Check your understanding of what speaker said and meant
Let speaker know you acknowledge and accept their feelings
Helps speaker further explore their thoughts and feelings
Active Listening
tell the speaker again what you think is good in the content or feeling.
Avoid solution messages in active listening:
Ordering messages
Warning and threatening messages
Preaching and moralizing messages
Advising messages.
The techniques of active listening are:
Paraphrase speaker’s meaning
Express understanding of speaker’s feelings
Ask questions