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Cognitive restructuring and relapse (1) - Coggle Diagram
Cognitive restructuring and relapse (1)
Cognitive restructuring theory
Unrealistic beliefs are directly responsible for generating dysfunctional emotions, resultant behaviours eg. stress, depression, anxiety, social withdrawal. Humans can be rid of emotions, effects by dismantling beliefs that give them life
Leading subject to gain an awareness of detrimental thought habits, learn to challenge them, subst life-enhancing thoughts, beliefs
Strengthen the client's beliefs that self-talk can influence performance
Self-defeating thoughts or negative self-statements can cause emotional distress, interfere w performance
Defn of cognitive restructuring
process of learning to refute cognitive distortions/faulty thinking w goal or replacing one's irrational, counter factual beliefs w more accurate/beneficial ones, changing attitude
Indv has to be able to move on from seeing themselves as a stutterer to someone who stutters sometimes but is able to capably control fluency when they desire. When person needed to control stutter, they engage in technique but when they are not successful, they are not affected.
Two part process where indv 1) become aware of the thinking patterns that leads to feelings of stress, ineffective behaviour 2) change these thoughts to produce more positive ones, retraining mind, making that change
Challenge the inner thoughts directly. Adults will ask why there is an inner voice present-inner consciousness. Human consciousness is portrayed as dark, enemy.
For chn: use analogy of wolf in sheep's clothing
Goals
Setting unrealistic goals: Everyone must love me, I have to be competent. I fear failure.
Changing goals, making impossible possible: advises changing irrational beliefs to rational ones. I can fail. Although it won't be nice, I don't have to be the best at everything
Element of control: we cannot control others' thoughts but we can control how we can respond and our behaviour
Attitude change and stut
Many attitudes about comm and self-perceptions of PWS=stut identity. Believe that they are held back.
W fluency, these attitudes and self-perceptions are challenged.
Difficult to override, change attitudes, behaviours that have been present
Appropriate cognitive shift presents as greatest challenge to achieving long lasting fluency control
Eg. putting up posters around room to change attitude for calmness and control, booster program uses trigger words to change attitude
Cognitive shift
Moving from position of powerlessness and no control to one with power and control. Indv must genuinely believe they are in the driver's seat. Is a collaborative approach
Assumption
It is not actually what I experience but what I tell myself I experience, just before, during or after it that determines how I feel and act in relation to it.
Everytime a person has a thought, a mental script (we are changed to get better) is created or reinforcced, that script sets of biochem rxns, physical responses that are +ve, -ve or neutral that shape the resultant behaviour. PWS are worried about what others think about them
Aims
Help indv recognise faulty internal dialogues eg.making irrational assumptions about the world and its events, making conclusions where evidecne is lacking, exaggerating the meaning of an event, disregarding positive aspects of a situation
Dev, practice coping skills to respond to such dialogues
Will facilitate change in physical, behavioural state of indv
We need to use open cheese melt sandwich: positive and then sth that is not working (but is NOT A NEGATIVE), use neutral language (increased or decreased, more or less)
Skills, techniques to cope
Subst w positive self statements
Relabel one's anxiety so it can be used more creatively- can be a cue to handle things better
Inducing relaxation- breathe out
Stop the thoughts
Make statements that assess reality of situation
In stut
Undergo the process towards rational thinking
3P's: Frame in positive, present, first person
This is a safe space to talk, share, change the way they are thinking about themselves
Other research
Irrational thinking (Craig)
Strong connection b/w what you think and how you feel
May not be what happens to you that causes you to become this way, but is what you tell yourself
Expectations, perceptions are very powerful in influencing mood, behaviour
Controlling thoughts (Craig)
Possible to break out of irrational, negative thought cycle
Self-control and commitment
You are in control of your thoughts
Need to be aware of those thoughts, believe they can be changed: need to have great rapport w clients, make sure they are comfortable sharing info
Your thoughts cannot be observed by others
Only the client will be aware if they are applying or changing their thoughts correctly
Most negative thoughts can be replaced w realistic alternatives
Thought stopping (Craig)
A way to control negative, irrational thoughts
Stops a negative thought by interrupting it w another thought
I'm not going to think that now
Powerful for removing unwelcome thoughts