Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Causes, effect, and solutions to London's air pollution - Coggle…
Causes, effect, and solutions to London's air pollution
Solutions
Green walls and roofs
Over 700 in London and growing, covering over 25 football pitches
-
Trees
Over 40,000 trees were planted in London in 2014-2015.
-
-
Congestion charge
Introduced in 2003, was £5, now £11.50 in central London. In the first year the number of cars fell by 60,000 and resulted in Nitrous Oxide (NOx) falling 13.4%.
-
-
Air Quality Fund (MAQF)
£20 million to fund different projects across London in different boroughs. This includes £1m each to support two new low emission neighbourhoods. Investing almost £1 billion in new facilities to make cycling safer and more enjoyable. Supporting the ULEZ.
Taxis
Age limits on London’s taxis. This has removed 6,000 of the oldest most polluting taxis off London’s roads.
-
Electric vehicles
‘Source London’ was launched in 2011- UK’s first citywide electric vehicle charging point network. 1,400 charging points. Plans to increase to 6,000 charging points by 2018.
This will encourage people to buy electric cars which reduces the amount of pollutants released by vehicles.
Santander bikes
£2 for 34 hours use. Recent customer research showed that 49 per cent of Cycle Hire members say that the scheme has prompted them to start cycling in London. The record for cycle hires in a single day is 73,000. 11,500 bikes for hire.
-
Red buses go green
1,700 hybrid buses in operation (20% of fleet).The fleet will shortly meet a milestone of cutting oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by 20 per cent compared to 2012 levels. The bus fleet has reduced particulate matter (PM) emissions from around 200 tonnes in the 1990s to around 19 tonnes a year now.
-
Causes
-
-
Air pollution reached the legal limit for the whole of 2018 less than a month into the year. (Guardian article - January 2018)
The law requires that the hourly measurement of toxic nitrogen dioxide (NO2) must not exceed 200 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3) more than 18 times in a whole year. But Brixton Road has now recorded 18 breaches and is expected to break the limit in the next day or two.
Over the year, the most polluted places have vastly exceeded this in the past. In 2016 Putney high street broke the hourly limit more than 1,200 times.
Pollution not forecast to fall below legal limits until 2028 in London and 2021 in most other urban areas.
Effects
9,416 Londoners die early every year because of air pollution
-
-
-
Short term exposure to high levels of NO2 can irritate the airways, cause severe coughing, and can make existing respiratory illnesses worse.
Long term exposure can make people develop illnesses such as asthma, pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. It has also been shown to stunt the growth of children's lungs.