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chapter 9 & 6 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Will standardize the data, for only normally distributed data. Also it tells us the number of standard deviations above or below the mean.
    - - the average
    - - is a number that helps determine how good the mean is, according to the data
    - - is a curve used when uncertain, the mean is zero and the standard deviation is one
  - - - Z=(x-mean)/standard deviation
    - - below the mean, is a negative score
      - above the mean, is a positive score
- - - - are graphs that represent how often something occurs
      - x-axis have the same lengths
      - y-axis represent the number of data values
      - intervals using < or >
    - - continous data
      - data touches each other
      - ex: height, age, weight
    - - discrete data
      - columns do not touch
      - ex: colors, subject
    - - uniform
        
        equal frequencies
      - mound-shape
        
        symmetrical
      - skewed
        
        group contains the greatest frequency near the end
      - bimodal
        
        2 distinct groups that contain the greatest frequencies
    - - value who's distance from the center is greater than the other data values
      - histographs do not show outliers
      - they have more effect on the mean then median
    - - only difference is the vertical axis represents the % of the data values
- - - - data the natural fall in a bell curve
      - happens when largest at the mean and smallest are farthest from the mean
      - different than mount because there is a known percentage that fall between one of the three of the standard deviations of the mean
      - 68% falls in strand one
      - 95% fall in strand two
      - 99.7% fall in strand three
- - - - process of fitting a curve to a set
      - least-square method
      - median-median
        
        less influenced by outliers
        
        finds medians of groups
    - - r=best fit line
      - r=1 postive
      - r=-1 negative
      - -1<r<1
      - scattering points will have r=0
- - - - deviations can be positive, negative, or zero
      - smaller sum of squares
    - - y=ax^2+bx+c
- - - - mean
      - median
      - good data is in the middle
      - mean is more affected by the outliers than the median
      - not good when data is spread out
    - - range
      - differences of max and min
      - greatly influenced by outliers
    - - standard deviation
      - describes the spread of data
      - helps determine how good the mean is
      - calculated with calculator or hand
    - - measures of center, spread, and standard deviation