Proliferative inflammatory response of the periosteum to infection or other irritants; originates from odontogenic factors such as periapical abscess or periodontal infection, or from non-odontogenic factors such as bacteremia, oral surgery, or jaw fractures

Lesion appears as an asymptomatic, unilateral, Bonnie, hard protuberance with normal tissue covering the growth; usually occurs on posterior region of mandible; occlusal radiographic image shows onion skin pattern of bone growth, presence of a dental infection, and young age

May lead to tooth mobility depending on degree of advancement and stage of treatment; source of irritation must be removed; may require endodontic treatment or extraction

Identification of bacteria involved and subsequent removal of tooth or teeth or endodontic treatment; antibiotics are usually required; prognosis is good and bone will resolve overtime

Benign epithelial tumor probably originating from enamel epithelium, but it's origin is unknown; Associated with unerupted teeth

A large CEOT may produce clinically observable facial asymmetry resulting; Intraorally manifests as slow growing, painless jaw expansion, usually an molars and premolars area; on Mozilla tends to grow more rapidly; lesions are often associated with impacted teeth; intraosseous usually involves mandible; extraosseous usually involves anterior gingival region; Radiographs show multilocular radiolucent lesion with variable amounts of calcification; a distinct entity, referred to as LIESEGANG rings may be visible microscopically when calcification is dense

Usually discovered when patient notices and reports facial asymmetry or during routine radiographic examination

Surgical removal of the tumor with a wide margin of normal tissue is required; prognosis is excellent

Excision is the treatment of choice; requires wide excision with clear margins; careful radiographic follow up is necessary; prognosis is good if treatment is timely

Lesion could break through the cranial cavity by expansion making it life-threatening; if they appear in the maxilla, they can result in death due to direct extension into vital structures

May cause facial asymmetrry; usually asymptomatic until discovered on radiographs; appears as painless, swelling, usually in post MD region; may see buccal and lingual expansion; may cause root resorption leading to tooth mobility; on radiographs appear as multilocular or unilocular radiolucencies with well-defined, scalloped margins; multilocular lesions will exhibit a "soap-bubble" or "honeycomb" appearance when small

A benign tumor of odontogenic epithelial origin; arising from epithelial or mesenchymal remnants of tooth forming tissues such as enamel organ, dental lamina Hertwig sheath, rests of Malassez, rest of Serres, basal cells or oral mucosa or reduced enamel epithelium

A true benign neoplasm, composed of cementum like calcifications and bony components; thought to originate from the PDL; from a collection of fibroosseous lesion of bone

Large OFs may cause swelling and facial asymmetry; intraorally often slow growing, painless, and expansile; radiographic appearance is a well circumscribed, unilocular, radiolucency with variable density; sclerotic borders may be evident as well as root resorption or root divergence

Complete diagnosis is made after lesion is removed and viewed microscopically

Must be surgically removed; prognosis is excellent

CGCG thought to be a reactive lesion or a reparative response to trauma or other local factors; many feel that because of its unpredictable and often aggressive nature, it is a neoplasm; topic is controversial; considered and intraosseous lesion with an unknown at etiology

Can possibly affect small long bones, such as those of the hands and feet; intraorally usually manifests as a painless expansion of the jaw, usually anterior to the first molar; If penetrates through the cortical bone, appears as a soft tissue, flat based nodule with a blue to purple color; usually no pain; radiographic appearance is a radiolucent, multilocular, or less often unilocular lesion with scalloped and expanding margins

Aggressive lesions may recur; complete removal as indicated; hyperparathyroidism should be ruled out where are the term brown tumor is used

Excision by curettage is the recommended treatment; reoccurrence occurs in 15 to 20%; prognosis is good with complete removal

Most common primary malignant tumor found in bone and accounts for 20% of all bone tumors; malignancy of mesenchymal cells that produce osteoid or immature bone; osteoblasts become malignant; originates from gene mutation

May exhibit tooth mobility, swelling, and pain; patient may complain of nasal obstruction and paresthesia; growth can affect trigeminal nerve; may see fractures and widened of the PDL space

Lung metastasis may occur; intraorally may present with symptoms of pain, swelling, loose teeth, or numbness; dysesthesia; taste sensationAnd tingling and numbness may occur; many cases show radiographic appearance described as a "sunburst" pattern; may see symmetrical widening of PDL space on one or several teeth and root resorption called "spiking" resorption because roots have a tapered appearance

Chemotherapy and surgical removal are the treatment of choice; poor rate of survival correlate with inability to obtain clear or negative margins during surgery; prognosis is not so good

Asymptomatic, exuberant growth of compact bone, along facial surfaces of Magilla and mandible; may be single or multiple nodules composed of dense compact bone; ideology is irritation and clues of forces

Tend to occur along the facial aspect of the maxilla and the mandible and manifest as lobulated, uneven solid bony growth; posterior region is most affected usually; tissue appears normal

Determination of direct cause such as bruxism is important; removal may be necessary for dentures or Dental appliances

No treatment is recommended and less interference with dentures or continuous injury producing chronic inflammation; night guards might be necessary if bruxism is present

May become traumatized, but normally pose no problem and treatment is not usually needed

Possible interference with speech, eating, and toothbrushing; removal may be necessary for comfort, for dental appliances, or for the interferences mentioned above

Torus palatinus is found in midline of hard palate; growths may be large, lobulated, or subtle; mandibular tori develop along lingual aspect of mandible and are usually bilateral; do not appear suddenly; do not grow rapidly

Appear to have genetic and ethnic predisposition; may involve masticatory stressors from bruxing and clenching