Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Pigmentations - Coggle Diagram
Pigmentations
-
-
-
-
Variations of Normal
Physiologic Pigmentation
- Etiology: Found in the gingiva but can occur throughout the mouth. Increased pigmentation during pregnancy and some postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
- Method of Transmission: Not applicable.
- Characteristics: Lesions no not blanch. Cause due to melanin production. Range from brown or black to dark blue.
- Dental Implications: Patients complain cosmetically is the lesion is noticeable such as on the gingiva or perioral tissues.
- Treatment and Prognosis: Prognosis is excellent. No treatment is required once a definite diagnosis is confirmed. Further evaluation if the diagnosis is not definite.
- Citation: Delong, Burkhart textbook, pgs 3354-355
-
Neoplasms
Oral Melanoma
- Etiology: Occurs in the oral tissues that are not exposed to the sun, and the etiology is very different for oral melanoma and is not clearly understood. Tobacco use, chronic irritation, formaldehyde exposure, familial history, and cytogenetic may play some role in its development.
- Method of Transmission: Not applicable.
- Characteristics: Appears as a dark blue to black pigmented areas with irregular borders increasing as the lesion continues to expand.
- Dental Implications: Should be recognized and removed in its earliest stage.
- Treatment and Prognosis: rich vascular network found in the oral tissues makes the oral melanoma very aggressive with much poorer prognosis than melanomas. Any pigmented lesion in the oral cavity should be viewed with suspicion. Early detection is important. Excision of the oral melanoma is the course of the action. Clear margins are critical in this type of neoplasms. Chemotherapy and radiation for head and neck cancers may be used as well. Depending upon the size, location, and progressive nature of the lesions. It has poor prognosis because of the tendency to metastasize to other organs and tissues.
- Citation: Delong, Burkhart textbook, pgs 370-372