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Prenatal Development and Birth - Coggle Diagram
Prenatal Development and Birth
Germinal period
First two weeks after conception
Rapid cell division and beginning of cell differentiation
Differentiation begins after the 16 cell stage
After the first week about 100 cells called blastocyst forms into two distinct parts
A shell becomes the placenta
Must achieve implantation
Begins ten days after conception
The developing organism burrows into the uterus to be nourished and protected while it develops
A nucleus will become the embryo
Embryonic period
Third week to eighth week after conception
The basic forms of all body structures develop
Growth occurs in a cephalocaudal and proximodistal pattern
Cehalocaudal
Head to tail
Proximodistal
Near to far
Embryo
A developing human organism from about the third week through the eighth week
Days 20 and 27 after conception
The primitive streak forms
A thin line that appears down the middle of the inner mass of cells that will become the central nervous system
Week 4
The head appears and the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth start to form, and a minuscule blood vessel that will become the heart begins pulsating
Week 5
Buds that will become arms and legs emerge. A few days later the upper arms then forearms, palms, legs, knees, feet, and webbed fingers and toes grow
Days 52 and 54
The fingers and toes separate
Week 8
Embryo weighs one-thirtieth of an ounce and is about an inch long
Moves frequently at about 150 times per hour, the movement is imperceptible and random
Fetal period
Ninth week after conception until birth
Fetus gains seven pounds and organs become mature and gradually able to function on their own
Dramatic change occurs
Tiny, sexless creature smaller than the final joint of your thumb to a boy or girl about 20 inches
Fetus
A developing human organism from the start of ninth week until birth
XY 23rd chromosome
SRY gene on the Y trigger the development of male sex organs
Experiences a rush of testosterone
XX 23rd chromosome
Female organs develop
The end of the third month
Sex organs may be visible through ultrasound
Image of a fetus produced by high frequency sound waves called a sonogram
Weighs about 3 ounces and is about 3 inches long
Fourth month
All body parts move, heartbeat becomes stronger and varied on activity, digestive and excretory system develops, fingernails, toenails, buds for teeth form, and hair grows
Week 22
Age of viability
A fetus might survive outside the mother's uterus
The entire central nervous system becomes activem regulating heart rate, breathing, and sucking
Final 3 months
With each day, the odds of survival and a healthy life and normal cognition improve
The lungs expand and contract, breathing muscles are exercised, the valves of the heart, arteries and veins go through final maturation, brain pathways become stronger and the testicles of the male fetus descend
Gains at least 4.5 pounds
After 36 weeks
Most newborns are ready to thrive at home on mother's milk
Birth
38 weeks after conception
The fetal brain signals the release of oxytocin to prepare for delivery and starts labor
Average baby is born after 14 hours of active labor for first births
7 hours for subsequent births
Mucus is removed from the throat, umbilical cord is cut, baby is weighed, measured, and examined, then given to mother to preserve body heat and to be breast feed
Apgar scale
A quick assessment of newborn's health
Below 5 is an emergency. Neonatal pediatrician is summoned
Average is 7, 8, and 9. Almost never 10
Newborns usually breathe and cry on their own
The first breaths of air brings oxygen to the lungs and blood and changes the infants color from bluish to pinkish
Ceasarean section
Surgical birth, incisions through the mother's abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly