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Proteins - Coggle Diagram
Proteins
Proteins are large molecules made from smaller units of amino acids.
There are only about 20 different naturally-occurring amino acids.
Each protein molecule has many of them joined together in a unique sequence and folded into the correct shape.
Examples of amino acids
Aspartic acid
Alanine
Lysine
Threonine
Glutamine
Is folded using weak bonds that can easily be broken down at high temperatures, as enzymes (made of protein), denature at high temperature.
The shape gives each protein its individual properties.
Amino acids and therefore proteins contain five elements.
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur (sometimes)
Biuret test
Test for proteins
Proteins are needed to build new cells.
Cell membranes contain a lot of protein.
Cytoplasm ass well.
Muscle cells contain large amounts of protein.
Examples of proteins and their functions
Haemoglobin
Is found in re blood cells.
It transports oxygen around the body.
Enzymes
Are catalysts that control metabolic reactions
Antibodies
Are made of white blood cells.
Help destroy bacteria and viruses that invade the body.
Keratin
Is a tough, insoluble protein that forms hair, nails and the outer layer of the skin.
Collagen
Is a tough, insoluble, slightly stretchy protein found in bones and skin.
Insulin
Is a hormone that helps to reduce a high blood glucose level.