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Chapter 2 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 2
《 Fur Trade 》
< The Fur Trade Begins >
Jacques Cartier's three voyages to North America in search of gold allowed the expansion of contact between the Aboriginal people & Europeans in 1534.
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《 Aboriginal Societies 》
< Before Contact >
Aboriginal societies were flourishing in a variety of diffferent environments, maintaining a deep spiritual relationship with it, in the land now known as Canada.
There were six major cultural regions in Canada: woodlands, lowlands, interior plains, Northern subarctic, Pacific coast, Arctic
While their way of life differed, Aboriginal peoples shared a common world view, believing that they are an integral part of the environment, and the natural world is inseparable from the spiritual world.
Aboriginal technologies were based on the unique conditions of their environment, but all of them reflected a deep knowledge and understanding of the natural environment.
Each of Aboriginal societies developed distinct structures of government. Smaller groups of hunters and gatherers usually had egalitarian governments. Sedentary and agricultural societies developed more complex systems of government based on centralized authority.
Aboriginal people engaged in trade with one another, exchanging goods, ideas, and technologies.
< Contact >
The arrival of Europeans in about 1500 CE disrupted the balance of the Aboriginal peoples' ways of life.
Europeans relied on the knowledge, technologies, and skills of Aboriginal peoples. Aboriginal peoples found that many European technologies were useful.
Contact across North America took place over a 200-year period, from the earliest contact in approximately 1497 CE until 1793 CE.
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《 European Societies 》
< Before Contact >
Beginning of the Modern Age, with an economic growth, new seafaring and military technologies, many nations grew their ambitions to seek wealth and power.
Trade between Asia was difficult and costly. Also the land routes were restricted. So Europeans believed that economic and military supremacy was closely linked to the quest for a direct ocean route to Asia.
< Church and Staten >
Roman Catholic Church greatly influenced Europe's values, practices, and laws. However, the Reformation (1517-1555 CE) broke with the Roman Catholic Church to form Protestant denominations within the Christian religion.
Powerful religious force spread to other areas of life: politics, science, arts, and economics.
Spanish, Portuguese, and French monarchs launched a Counter-Reformation that was committed to spreading the beliefs and values of the Roman Catholic Church, and this later brought a result of missionaries' attempts to convert Aboriginal peoples to Christianity.
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< Slave Trade >
The transatlantic slave trade created by the European nations, which began in 1518 CE, was a new, distinct type.
By 1540 CE, 10000 enslaved people were being shipped each year. Over 11 million African people were kidnapped for over 300 years and many people died during the voyages across the Atlantic. People who survived were separated from their families and auctioned off to white slave owners. African slaves were forced to provide free labour until their deaths.
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Slave Trade began with Portugal and Spain, but over time other European nations joined in. The slave trade got expanded, and became a powerful force in the arly process of globalization.