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Chapter 13: The Evolution of Government - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 13: The Evolution of Government
1. FRANCE AND THE ANCIEN REGIME
Absolute Monarch
1600s:
England
France
Most Western European Nations
France:
"ANCIEN REGIME"
Authoritarian Social system
Authoritarian Political system
Absolute sovereignty
The Divine Right of Kings
(: Principle that the right to rule was given
to the monarch by God, not by the people.)
Justified the monarchs to have an
absolute power in both civil and military
2. ABSOLUTISM IN NEW FRANCE
New France (1663 ~ )
policies and structures of the aristocratic /
absolutist regime of France was implanted
Hierarchical(filter) political system:
Monarch >> Minister >> Colonial governor >> officials
The Governor-general
a chief official
chosen among military men, a member of the old aristocracy
responsible for maintaining law, order, and the military
Intendant
a chief administrator, a member of new class of nobility
responsible for economics, finance,and justice
Sovereign Council
composed of the governor-general, intendant, Roman Catholic bishops, an attorney-general, and several councillors.
administered royal directives from the homeland and to act as a court of appeal
in 1703, altered to
The Superior Council
, King lost power
Seigneurial System of land tenure
Although all land belonged to the Crown, land tracts were distributed to privileged nobility and clergy known as
seigneurs
Seigneurs, who earned their income from their estates, distributed small plots of land to
habitants
in return for an annual fee.
Habitants worked the land to produce crops for their families and the seigneur
4. GOVERNMENT IN THE ENGLISH COLONIES
The Mayflower Compact:
Religious dissenters called Pilgrims traveled to Plymouth, New England
Claimed the right to self-govern with no interference from England
White male resident landowners were eligible for voting (no women or people of color)
Plymouth became a model of self-government for following colonies
Challenges to Self-Government:
1670s: English colonies were accustomed to self-government
In 1685, England tried to regain control, and Parliament created the Dominion of New England.
Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) disbanded the Dominion
Power struggles between governors and legislatures
6. THE LOYALIST LEGACY
War of Independence (1775-1783)
Loyalists fled to northern colonies like Nova Scotia (Saint John Valley), bringing traditional English values
New Brunswick and Cape Breton were created (but CB was eventually annexed back into Nova Scotia)
5. THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION
Taxation without Representation:
Britain levied a series of taxes in order to make the colonists pay for the cost of being defended
Colonists objected as they had no representatives in British Parliament
Values dissonance between Britain and colonists in terms of democracy
Quebec Act of 1774:
Extended boundaries of Quebec into Ohio in order to expand fur trade
The colony was also to be ruled by an appointed council rather than an elected assembly
Declaration of Independence approved in 1775
3. ENGLAND AND THE EVOLUTION
OF DEMOCRACY
Beginning of the Modern Age
England, 1215
Magna Carta (the Great Charter)
ended the divine right of kings in England
Rule of Law:
NO ONE is above the law
English Parliament, 1500s:
Limited the power of the English Monarch
Secured important rights for the representatives of the people
Good working relationship with the English Monarchs
Guaranteed some considerable power to English Monarch