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White Lesions - Coggle Diagram
White Lesions
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Infections
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Hair Leukoplakia
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Characteristics: whitish plaques that do not rub off, usually affect the lateral borders oof the tongue, often bilateral, appear as vertical; raised ridges or sometimes as irregular flattened lesions, pt’s are usually asymptomatic
Dental Implications: significant diagnosis because it is a relatively accurate predictor of rapid progression from HIV latent infection to AIDS
Treatment/Prognosis: antiviral therapy often improves improvement or resolution of lesion, recurrence is not common, no evidence of potential for malignant transformation
Citation: pg. 341 Delong, L & Burkhart, N. (2019). General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer
Acute Pseudomembranous Candidiasis (Candidosis, Moniliasis, Thrush)
Etiology: yeast-like fungus, usually Candida albicans
Method of Transmission: not highly transmissible, considered an opportunistic infection
Characteristics: occurs in any epithelial surface of the body but commonly areas that are consistently warm and moist (feet and areas where skin overlaps, acute pseudomembranous candidiasis manifets as multiple; raised; whitish; cordlike plaques with variable surround erythema
Dental Implications: needs to be diagnosed and treated, the tendency for this infection to occur in immunocompromised patients should prompt the dental professional to carefully review the patient’s medical history for any sign of undiagnosed systemic problems
Treatment/Prognosis: variety of antifungal medications, topical medications such as nystatin oral suspension or clotrimazole troches, effective systemic medication also available (fluconazole)
Citation: pg. 339-340 Delong, L & Burkhart, N. (2019). General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer
Parulis
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Characteristics: swelling of gingiva due to purulent exudate (pus) that is more yellowish than white
Dental Implications: when pus is encountered clinically, source of odontogenic infection should be determined and treated
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Citation: pg. 341 Delong, L & Burkhart, N. (2019). General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer
Variation of Normal
Fordyce Granules
Etiology: normal sebaceous glands found in the oral mucosa, a feature of normal development
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Characteristics: superficial yellowish-to-yellowish white, slightly elevated papules, very distinctive in clinical presentations, composed of lobules of rounded cells
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Citation: pg. 333-34 Delong, L & Burkhart, N. (2019). General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer.
Leukodema
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Characteristics: whitish opaqueness with wrinkles (sometimes) of the mucosa, found on the buccal mucosa, often bilaterally symmetrical, does not rub off, characteristically disappears which the mucosa is stretched
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Citation: pg. 334 Delong, L & Burkhart, N. (2019). General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer.
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Immune System Disorders
Lichen Planus
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Characteristics: skin lesions are purplish, raised papules with a keratotic white surface pattern of very fine interlacing lines called Wickham striae
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Treatment/Prognosis: do not usually require treatment unless disease becomes erosive and symptomatic
Citation: pg. 342 Delong, L & Burkhart, N. (2019). General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer
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