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Modelling the Formation of Volcanoes along convergent plate boundaries -…
Modelling the Formation of Volcanoes along convergent plate boundaries
Models
Purpose
Show happenings/explanations
representation of specific concepts
Predict outcomes or aid data accuracy
Explain abstract/hard imagined objects
Characteristics
Complex or simple
Large or small scale
Represent abstract concepts
Shows slow or quick processes
Predictions based on past/present data
Dynamic
always changing
Types
Diagrams
Visual representations
vary in complexity
2D
3D
scaled
labelled
Usefulness
Benefits
scale up small things
simple predictions about behaviour
visualisation of the abstract
Limitations
very simplified
basic estimations/predictions
specific use
background knowledge required
Physical replica
represent very large or small
show structure
demonstrate relative sizes
represent function/process
Usefulness
Limitations
limited by properties of materials
demonstrate process > limited
Benefits
tangible/malleable
generally 3D
no decay - biological
Mathematical Model
demonstrates r/ships with two or more variables
predictions = more variables changed
quantify what happens in the real world
usefulness
benefits
demonstrate r/ships btwn variable factors
quantitative = accuracy
limitations
usually focuses on one variable
not simple
taught/trained
Computer simulation
complex mathematical model
algorithms to approximate
large amounts of data gathered and tested
usefulness
benefits
build intuition
make connections
create predictions
slow down and speed up processes
constructed w/ user-friendly interface
limitations
need to be taught
used by experts
expensive to make
long time to create
Analogy
compares an abstract concept to something familiar
usefulness
benefits
simplify things
easy to use
diagramatic model inception
dynamic
limitations
misinterpretations = misconnections
limited amount of predictions
inaccurate (not direct comparison)
limited to user experience
Volcanoes
Formed?
Where?
middle of plate or along boundary
convergent plate boundaries
collision, one subducts = weak point in crust
pressure of magma (temp and friction increase) break in weak point
eruption
weak spots along boundaries
divergent plate boundaries
oceanic plates
oceanic volcanoes
trenches
What?
hollow vent in Earth's crust > magma, gases, hot ash from earth's interior
Parts
magma
molten rock
continuous melting (extreme temp)
intense pressure and friction
stored in magma chambers
lava
cooled down magma
Layers of the earth
crust
mantle
inner core
outer core
Pacific basin
Ring of Fire
most volcanic activity
converging plates
Cocos and Nazca plates
Melting
subducting plate heats, sinks to mantle, water mixed w/ sediments on top of plate - sediments subduct and water rises; lowers melting point
Plate Tectonics
Lithosphere divided into plates
Smaller
Phillipine plate
Cocos plate
Nazca plate
Caribbean plate
Juan de Fuca plate
Arabian plate
Indian plate
Major
Antarctic plate
African plate
Eurasian plate
Indo-Australian plate
North American plate
Pacific plate
South American plate
Boundaries
Transform
plates slide against each other
conservative boundaries or margins
earthquakes
Divergent
move away from each other
magma rises, erupts to surface
mid-ocean ridges
oceanic plates
Convergent
plates collide
Subduction
one plate (more dense) slides under the other
friction and imbalance in pressure and temperature
theory
Alfred Wegener
correlated with continental drift
always moving
My model
Usefulness
Benefits
Is dynamic - able to be changed according to different knowledge/understandings
Simplified the formation of volcanoes along convergent plate boundaries
Limitations
Does not provide a visual explanation
Limited to user experience - knowledge of cars
Different parts of the car can be misinterpreted as different things
A limited amount of predictions can be made based upon the analogy
Difficult to read and understand (big chunk of writing)
Features
Digitally created
Parts of volcano
Oceanic crust
Continetnal crust
Mantle
Tectonic plates
Magma
Magma chamber
weak spots in crust
Eruption
Analogy