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Identifying Organic Liquids, : - Coggle Diagram
Identifying Organic Liquids
Add bromine; test for unsaturation
No dissolve, then saturated
Alkane, Carboxylic acid, alcohol, aldehyde
Dissolve In water
Dissolves
Small M.W Polar molecule> pH test w/ litmus paper
pH<7::
Carboxylic acids
Add Sodium carbonate Na2CO3, observe for fizzing due to CO2, can use gas stopper
RCOOH+NaHCO3->RCOONa + CO2 + H2O
pH=7:: aldehyde, alcohols
ADD Na METAL
NO REACTION
Aldehyde
: Add Tollen's Reagent
Leave sol. standing for 10 mins, observe for silver coating
If no coating, heat soln gently
Aldehyde+Ag+OH->Carbox Acid+Ag+H2O
the silver will become metallic due to reduction
IF SIZZLING WHEN Na ADDED
Use
Lucas' Reagent
: Very cold HCl mixed with equal mole of
ROH + HCl -> RCl (chloroalkane) + H2O
Add to alcohol and wait 10 mins
Shake solution
Primary alc
: NO ppt.
Secondary alc
: ppt after few mins
3: Instant ppt
Alcohol (2,3): Add acidified potassium
dichromate in hot water bath
2 more items...
Does not dissolve
Saturated molecule orlarge M.W. Molecule
Add NaOH
Insoluble in NaOH: Aldehydes, alcohol with high MW
Add HCl
No Dissolve
2 more items...
Soluble in NaOH: Carboxylic acid
If dissolves and becomes colourless, then unsaturated
alkene, alkyne
TOLLENS REAGENT
Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate
To make: AgNO3+NaOH+NH3 (add in ammonia last drip until ppt goes away)
shake out ppt.
Alkyne
: white ppt.
Alkyne+ AgNO3 + NH4OH ->AgCCAg+ NH4NO3 + 2H2O
Alkene
: no reaction
Alkanes ----- Method Found
Alkenes ----- Method Found
Alkynes ----- Method Found
1- alcohol (OH) ----- Method Found
2- alcohol (OH) ----- Method Found
3- alcohol (OH ----- Method Found
aldehyde (CHO) ---- Method Found
Carboxylic Acids(COOH) ---- Method Found
Materials
Tools
3x litmus paper
water heater
2x 100ml beaker
9x 25ml pippetes
15x micro test tubes
9x rubber stopper
Chemicals
50ml Distilled Water
2g Sodium carbonate Na2CO3
H2SO4
Tollens Reagent: Silver nitrate (AgNO3), sodium hydroxide(NaOH), ammonia(NH3)
3ml sliver nitrate
3ml sodium hydroxide
2ml ammonia
10ml Bromine water (Br2)
Lucas Reagent: HCl ZnCl2
100ml Cold water/ice
10ml hydrochloric acid
0.2g ZnCl2
100ml boiling water
5ml Ethanol (C2H5OH)
5ml Potassium dichromate soln (K2Cr2O7)
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