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WRITING THE BEST FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION - Coggle Diagram
WRITING THE BEST FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
Reporting Research Findings
Use Text and Visual Aids Properly
The text is primary
The graphics support the text.
data in words with the help of tables, charts and graphs to make your data clear and easy to understand
Note that the chart is located after the text which explains it.
Reporting a survey finding using a paragraph (or two) and referring to a visual aid that helps to show the finding clearly
Results section you need to be objective.
Results section you need to be objective.
findings without any biased comment or slant
Interpret Results
Need to interpret or analyse the data
Have to present what you had found out about the response
Question should based on research objective
Use Headings and Subheadings
Use Headings and Subheadings
Choose appropriate type of headings
Topic headings- list only the topic to be discussed
Talking - headings present a certain point of view whilst
Keep your headings parallel
Keep headings of the same level under the same section parallel
Number your sections consistently
Choose either the decimal system or the alphanumeric system
You must be consistent and not mix them
Example : If survey is on people’s experience with recycling, and survey had questions related to their practice of recycling,
Divide your Results section according to what the survey found, using headings
Use Language of Reporting Appropriately
Do not use the appropriate forms of expression.
Should use appropriate way
Refer to Figures Correctly
Should number it and give it a concise, accurate title.
Need to draw the reader’s attention to it in your text so as to integrate the illustration more effectively into your report.
Reporting discussing findings in thesis
Find the story in your data
finding your focus
Contextually grounded (based on your data)
Theoretical (related to relevant theory)
Viewed as a contribution by the relevant professional community of readers (they add something to the current body of research or theory
Present your findings
Structure :
Qualitative studies
Experimental studies
Quantitative studies
What to include
Include what you need to support the points you need to make. Be guided by your research questions(s) and the nature of your data.
Make your selection criteria explicit
More detail can be provided in an appendix. 'Include enough data in an appendix to show how you collected it, what form it took, and how you treated it in the process of condensing it for presentation in the results chapter
Reporting convention
Quantitative data
A location element
A summary of the information presented in the figure
A highlighting statement to point out what is significant in all the data presented (eg trends, patterns, results that stand out)
Commentary on results may include
Explanations
Comparisons between results
Comments about unsatisfactory data
Comments on whether the results are expected or unexpected
Grammar
Location element- present tense
Summary of procedure- past tense
Results of analysis- past tense
Comments- present tense
Qualitative data
Qualitative data is difficult to present neatly in tables and figures
Structure is therefore very important
Headings and subheadings should navigate the reader for better understanding
Try to make the sections and subsections reflect the themes that have emerged from your analysis of the data
Discuss your findings
Research questions
Do your research findings support your initial hypothesis? Why and how?
Do your findings only support the hypothesis in part? Why and how?
Do your findings disprove your hypothesis? Why and how?
What else do your findings tell you, over and above what you initially set out to investigate
Relation to other research
Point out the agreements and disagreements between your data and that of others
In presenting your own interpretation of the results, consider the strengths and weaknesses of alternative interpretations from the literature
Implications
Current theory
Technical applications
Professional practice
Writing your discussions
Which has been done by other people
Which has been done by you
How they complement each other
Using cautious language
a. knowledge you are sure of because you have reliable evidence for it
Other knowledge you are less sure of
Other knowledge you think is only within the realms of possibility
An important feature of thesis writing which is an academic writing is the concept of cautious language
Cautious language is used to convey how certain you are of the opinions or arguments you are using in your writing, especially when writing a thesis or research papers
As a researcher, you are expected to distinguish carefully between knowledge you are sure of because you have reliable evidence for it, other knowledge you are less sure of and also other knowledge you think is only within the realms of possibility
This will affect our usage of words in an academic writing especially in thesis because we need to produce proofs or facts for each and every statement that not belongs to researcher
The usage of words in our statement should be strong and should not weaken the readers