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:red_flag:ADMIXTURE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - ADVANTAGE
        -Keep concrete workable during placement and delay the initial set of concrete
        -It hold the hydration process, leaving more water for workability
        -Retard setting time and allow concrete to be hauled long distance from mixer truck to site - ensure it reach destination in a plastic and placeable conditions
      - DISADVANTAGE
        --Slow the setting rate of concrete so it is not suitable to be used in low temperature
        -Will cause premature stiffening, rapid evaporated of water leading to loss of workability & cracking to concrete surface
  - - - ADVANTAGE
        -Increase workability so as to ease placing in inaccessible condition and location
        -Higher strength concrete can be produced without increasing the amount of cement
      - DISADVANTAGE
        -Excessive dosage rates will retard the setting time of concrete
        -Some reducing admixture will show significant increase in drying shrinkage
  - - - DISADVANTAGE
        -Higher dosage of CaCl2 increase shringkage
        -Effect on color : darken
        -Cracking due to greater heat evolution. Calcium chloride may promote corrosion in steel reinforcement
        -Not recommended for pre-stressed concrete
      - ADVANTAGE
        -One of the most popular kinds of chemical admixture
        -accelerate setting time and early strength development of concrete
        -suitable for repair work involving water leakage
  - - - ADVANTAGE
        -Produce flowing concrete without having to change the original mix composition
        -Highly fluid without segregation but workable concrete that can be placed with little or no vibration or compaction
        -Retained only for a short period of time after addition of superplasticizer
        -Reduction in water content to achieve high strength
        -Useful when placing concrete in difficult location
        -suitable such as floor slab, reduce effort required for placing and finishing
      - DISADVANTAGE
        -High cost
  - - - ADVANTAGE
        -To stabilize microscopic air bubbles in concrete
        -To improve resistance to freezing when exposed to water and de-icing chemicals
        -Improve the durability of concrete, resistance to the effects of frost and de-icing salt
      - DISADVANTAGE
        -For every 1% entrained air, concrete loses about 5% of its compressive strength
        -Reduction in concrete strength
        -Effect on concrete color : make color lighter