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Affirmative Action - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Critics state middle-class minority students that don't experience the hardships of their Latino and Black counterparts of lower socio-economic standing
      - See Cheryl Hopwood Case
- - - - broadens the range of intellectual and cultural perspectives
  - - - claims that affirmative action is not unjust, but rather unlikely to achieve its goals and may do more harm instead of good
    - - questions how effective affirmative action truly is
      - does not reduce prejudice and inequalities
      - will not bring about a more diverse society
      - damage the morale and self-esteem of minority students
      - overall, increase racial tensions and resentment among everyone
- - - - violates rights of applicants who are put at "competitive disadvantage"
      - basically if its not "fair" to white people it shouldn't be implemented despite centuries of systemic racism putting them at a competitive advantage
      - Utilitarian response: objection doesn't care much weight.
        Affirmative action would rely upon the academic/social/civic benefits produced vs white applicants disappointment
      - Kantian and Rawlsian response: desirable ends do not override individual rights
        
        There are no rights to higher education