Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Life-Span Perspective - Coggle Diagram
The Life-Span Perspective
Plastic
Plasticity
The idea that abilities, personality, and other human characteristics can change over time
Particularly evident in childhood
Human traits can be molded yet able to maintain a certain durability of identity
Dynamic systems
Dynamic-system approach
A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influences
Physical contexts
Emotional influences
Passage of time
Each person and aspect of the ecosystem always interacting
Differential susceptibility
Genes and experiences of each person prime a response in a particular way
Responses are plastic
Multidirectional
Patterns for traits
Appears and disappears
Increases and decreases
Zigzags
Earliest idea
All development advances until about the age 18
Steadies
Declines
Change in characteristics
Discontinuity
Change occurs rapidly and dramatically
Continuity
Growth can be gradual
Does not change at all
Major development periods
Critical period
A crucial time when a particular type of developmental growth must happen for normal development to occur or when harm can occur
Can be in body or behavior
Sensitive period
Certain type of development is likely but can still happen although with more difficulty
Language learning
Multicontextual
Contexts
Physical
Climate
Noise
Population
Density
Family
Marital status
Family size
Members age and sex
Community
Urban
Surburbans
Rural
Multiethnic
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Ecological-System Approach
A perspective on human development that considers all of the influences from various contexts of development
Bio-ecological theory
Ecological Model
Microsystem
Immediate and direct influences
Family and peer group
Mesosytem
Interaction of systems
Exosystem
Local institutions
Chronosystem
Dimension of time
Changing conditions, personal and societal over the life span
Macrosystem
Large social settings
Cultural values, economic policies, and political processes
History and Social class
Historical
Cohort
People born within the same historical period who therefore move through life together, experiencing the same events, new technologies, and cultural shifts at the same ages
Socioeconomic
Socioeconomic status (SES)
A person's position in society as determined by income, occupation, education, and place of residence
Social class
Multidisciplinary
Developments
Biological development
All growth and change in a person's body and the genetic, nutritional, and health factors that effect growth and change
Biology
Neuroscience
Medicine
Cognitive development
All the mental processes a person uses to obtain knowledge or think about the environment
Psychology
Linguistics
Education
Psychosocial development
Development of emotions, temperament, and social skills
Economics
Sociology
History
Genetics and epigentics
Genes affect every aspect of behavior
Identical genes differ biologically, cognitively, and socially
Multicultural
Culture
A system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors, and expectations that persist over time and prescribe social behavior and assumptions
Social Construction
An idea that is built on shared perceptions, not on objective reality
Childhood
Adolescence
Yuppie
Senior citizen
Difference-equals-deficit error
The mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard
Never assume another culture is wrong and inferior or right and superior
Ethnic and Racial groups
Ethnic group
People whose ancestors were born in the same region and often sare a language, culture, and religion
Can share the same ethnicity but have different culture
Is a social construction
It is nurture and depends on surrounds
Race
A group of people who are regarded by themselves or by others as distinct from other groups on the basis of physical appearance, typically skin color