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Week 1 Statistics, Week 3 Probability & Randomness, Statistics, Week 2…

- - - - Range, interquartile range & box plot
        
        Range
        
        Highest value-lowest value
        
        Extreme distributions
        
        Interquartile range
        
        Leaves out the extreme
        
        1st quartile
        
        2nd quartile
        
        3rd quartile
        
        Box plot
        
        The central 50% in the box
        
        The first Q1 - Q3
        
        The length of the bar
        
        IQR
        
        The line in the middle
        
        The media
        
        Q2
        
        Whiskers
        
        outside IQR
        
        Dot
        
        Outliers
        
        Outlier value >< Q3+1.5IQR
    - - Variance and standard deviation
        
        Variance
        
        Larger variance
        
        Larger variability
        
        The more the values are spread out around the mean
        
        Standard deviation
        
        The average distance of an observation from the mean
        
        Larger SD
        
        Larger variability
  - - - Mode, Median and mean
        
        Mode
        
        Most frequently
        
        Two modes
        
        Bi-model distribution
        
        Median
        
        The middle value
        
        Even numbers
        
        The average
        
        Mean
        
        Sum of the values/the number of the observations
        
        Balance point
        
        Data type
        
        Nominal
        
        :red_cross:
        
        Median
        
        With outliers
        
        Mean
        
        The normal distribution
- - - - cases
      - variables
        
        Different
        
        Kinds
        
        Levels of measurement
      - Order
        
        data matrix
    - - Frequency tables
      - pie charts
      - Bar graphs
      - Doc plots
      - histogram
- - - - Dif
        
        Variables
        
        Characteristics of cases
        
        Cases
        
        Something/someone
        
        Teams
        
        Individuals
        
        1 more item...
        
        It needs to vary
        
        The differences
        
        The variation
    - - Nominal
        
        Difference
      - Ordinal
        
        Difference
        
        Order
      - Interval
        
        Difference
        
        Order
        
        Similar intervals
        
        Discrete
        
        1,2,3,4,5...
        
        Continuous
        
        1 more item...
      - Ratio
        
        Difference
        
        order
        
        similar intervals
        
        Meaningful zero point
- - - - Frequency table
        
        Frequency
        
        Percentage
        
        Cumulative percentage
        
        Quantitative variables
        
        Building Ordinal categories
        
        Recoded
    - - Data matrix
        
        An overview of all the cases
        
        Observations
      - All data are ordered and presented in a data matrix
- - - - Informative graphs
        
        Pie chart
        
        Surface represents
        
        Bar graph
        
        Height of the bars
        
        High number of categories
      - Quantitative
        
        dotplot
        
        Many data
        
        Histogram
        
        Bars portray the frequencies of the possible values of a variable
        
        Bars touching each other
        
        1 more item...
- - - - For different values in the distribution
        
        Computing the outlier in SD
        
        z+-2
        
        75%
        
        z+-3
        
        89%
    - - Exception
- - - - Case
        
        The search for the beautiful shell
      - Nature
        
        is not a property of a phenomenon
        
        Consequence of our knowledge about it
      - Apophenia
        
        Not very good at seeing the randomness
        
        Over-interpretation of the randomness
        
        Gabler's fallacy
        
        Past random patterns->Future random patterns
      - Formal ways for quantifying randomness
  - - - Persistence beats the odds
        
        Law of large numbers
      - Independent trials are not very common
      - Probability is a way to quantify randomness
        
        relative frequency