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Adult stuttering Tx (3) - Coggle Diagram
Adult stuttering Tx (3)
EMG biofeedback
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When they feel that tension coming, they will try to release tension after seeing the spike
Sensors pick up signals, activity that may be too subtle for the indv to consciously detect
Biofeedback device amplifies signal, provides feedback signal that indicates current physiologic status, change in the signal
Visual (needle mvm on meter, increasing light intensity), auditory (change in pitch of continuous tone or click rate), combination
Electrodes attached to skin over muscles of interest, electrodes pick up electrical activity where muscle fibres contract, increased muscle tension, increased EMG signal muscle tension/stut, picks up activity
Research: Decrease in muscle tension, decreased stuttering freq with use of EMG
NOT all clients present with tension, might not be suitable/effective for some
Prolonged speech
What is it?
Slushy, distorted intelligibility
very unnatural at first, naturalness (voice, prosody) taught as later layer
Continuous vocalisation, soft contacts, gentle onsets in order to achieve continuous airflow
Camperdown program
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Behavioural Tx program for adolescents, adults who stutter (>12 y/o)
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Requires faster Tx time, gives client increased self-reliance in establishment, transfer, maintenance of controlled fluency
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Overview
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Clinician guides client in using speech pattern in training model to dev individualised fluency to reduce, eliminate stut in everyday speech, sound as natural as possible
Give big picture: you just try to imitate the clinician. No details mentioned, just go straight into it
What is it?
Teaches PS w/o making ref to terms of traditional speech targets such as gentle onsets, soft contacts
Clients are encouraged to use whatever features of PS pattern they desire to control stut and are free to indv their own behaviours
Rate is slow at start, but set by indv according to fluency lvl. "I feel like I've got control at this rate, let's go a bit faster"
Helps ppl who stutter feel more positive about themselves as communicators, need to have motivation as well
Immediate shift of self-monitoring, control onto indv for them to work out what aspect helps them most
Aims of the program
Decrease, control stut. in everyday speaking situations
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Stages
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Stage III
Criterion to enter this: indv fluency technique to control stut. in conversation has been dev, commences when clients can speak w clinician for entire session at SR0-1 and fluency technique score acceptable to client
Generalisation: confirm that they can use a fluency technique to control stut, compare their speech measures w those of clinician, review and revise their fluency technique practice routine, report their stut severity, fluency technique, speech related anxiety scores from everyday speaking situations.
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Interpret those speech measures w clinicians and plan strategies to resolve any problems, devise hierarchy of everyday speaking situations to assist transfer of fluency technique, plan Tx changes for coming week based on speech measures, modify measurement procedures if required, summarise Tx changes for coming week
Stage IV
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Goals for stut severity scores are to be 0-1 in most everyday speaking situations w no situation avoidance and fluency technique scores that the client finds acceptable
Maintenance of Tx gains
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Present acceptable stuttering severity fluency technique scores for representative everyday speaking situations
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Clients are discharged if they complete the program criteria, do not comply w program requirements, withdraw from Tx program
Discharge from whole program will be negotiated b/w clinician, client when they can demonstrate: skills for monitoring their speech, controlling their stut., ability to address fluctuations in stut. severity. Achievement of personalised goals for stut treatment.
Evidence
8 published clinical trials with >100 participants (adolescents, adults)
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Fluency shaping
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Goal is to work w the speaker's motor control capabilities and apply approaches to facilitate new speech production patterns, generalise to conversational settings
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