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Stem cells - Coggle Diagram
Stem cells
Types
Based on potency
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Pluripotent cells
- differentiate into three germ cells - Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm
- and into embryonic cell types
Multipotent cells
- differentiate into closely related cells - all cells in particular organs
- typical adult tissue stem cells
Oligopotent cells
- differentiate into restricted closely related group
- eg. hematopoeitic progenitor cell produce subsets of blood cell types
Unipotent cells
- self-renewal
- only give rise to cells of their own phenotype
- muscle stem cells
Based on origin
Cord blood-derived MSCs
- MSCs extract from umbilical cord blood
Embryonic stem cells
- in-vivo culture of inner cell mass - Embryoblast
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Adult/Tissue stem cells
- small number in many tissues
- well-defined & supportive niche
Significants
- reproduce insulin-producing cells in pancreas in Type I Diabetes
- repopulate neurons destroyed due to Parkinson's disease
- replace cells lost in spinal cord injuries
- cellular tools for disease origin and progression studies
- develop phenotypic screening tools for drug discovery
- develop cellular assays of drug toxicology and metabolism studies
- develop cell-based medicinal products - cell therapy
- treat: Paralysis, Parkinson's disease, Muscular dystrophy, Sickle cell anemia
Therapeutic potentials
- Bone marrow transplantation
- Somatic cell nuclear transfer - Therapeutic cloning
- Reproductive cloning
- iPS cell technology - Reprogramming cloning
- Gene therapy
Capability/Advantages
- continuously divide for long period of time
- unspecialized / non-differentiated
- undergo differentiation & create specific cells of body
Stem cell
- Proposed by Alexander Maksimov (1908)
- 'Master cell' that create the whole organism from one cell
- non-specialized cell
- self-replicate - make exact copies of themselves // produce identical daughter cells
- differentiate to make specialized cells - produce differentiated cells
- Sperm + Ovum :arrow_right: Zygote
- Zygote :arrow_right: Blastocyst
- Zygote undergoes mitosis, increasing number of cells = Totipotent
- Blastocyst consist of Trophoblast
- Trophoblast :arrow_right: Placenta
- outer-layer cells of blastocyst
- cell mass inside trophoblast is inner cell mass = Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)
- Totipotent cells generate placenta & other body cells - Zygote
- Pluripotent cells generate only body cells for different specialized cells - ESC
- Multipotent cells generate specific terminally differentiated cells for different body parts
- Blood stem cell - develop RBC, WBC, platelets, etc. but not other cells (liver, muscle cells)
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