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Climate Change, Greenhouse Effect accelerates and raises the temperature;…

- - - - Ground Level Ozone (Tropospheric Ozone): harmful to humans, found above citites, traps heat, created by sunlight and vehicle exhuast (chemical reaction)
    - - Strastospheric Ozone: Earth's "Sunscreen" (Ozone layer)
- - - - Takes longer to heat up and cool down compared to land. Nearby areas remain cooler in summer, warmer in fall, more snow/rain
    - - Energy concentration of Sun weaker/spread out at higher (colder climate)
    - - Necessary to contribute to the balance of energy on Earth
    - - Energy and heat are moved around the planet through these currents (convection currents, thermohaline circulation)
    - - Release enormous amounts of particles and gases, acting as a shield from the Sun's energy
    - - Help remove CO2 from the atmosphere. When cut down/in smaller numbers, they absorb less CO2 or release the existing CO2 they already absorbed
  - - - Burning of fossil fuels
      - Deforestation (ex. for more farmland, living space, lumber, etc)
        
        Releases existing CO2 absorbed by the forests, fewer carbon sinks (less CO2 being absorbed), farmland produces more GHG
    - - Reliance on fossil fuels for a majority of necessities (therefore making a huge profit for the fossil fuel industry)
        
        Unwillingness/resistance to impose policies to regulate emissions
- - - - Amount of energy differs gradually over time. Currently producing more heat relative to the past
    - - Result of changes in Earth's orbit
    - - Affects ocean currents/wind patterns, affecting heat transfer
- - - - Risk of destablizing and collapsing world ecosystems
    - - Intense wildfires in Greece, Australia, the Arctic, California
        
        Impacts around the world of climate change
        
        Australia (November 2018): 42 degrees celsius heat wave killed a third of flying foxes, which are naturally adapted to heat.
        
        Greenland: Loosing trillions of tons of ice, 5x more than 25 years ago
        
        Antarctica: Loosing 3x more ice than 25 years ago
        
        Displacement of hundreds of thousands of people due to rising sea levels (South Pacific, Indonesia, Bangladesh) especially Louisiana
        
        Large scale deforestation and habitat loss notably in South America (contributor to climate change)
        
        More difficult production of food and maintenance of agriculture including access the safe drinking water
        
        Developing countries are the hardest hit by climate change
        
        Future projection: 3-6 degrees celsius hotter by the end of the 21st century
        
        80-100cm rise in sea level by the end of the century
        
        600+ million people are at risk near coastal areas (<10m above sea level)
        
        Tipping points may be triggered cuasing irreverisible damage to it's respective region
        
        Melting of ice/permafrost in the arctic will release trapped GHG like methane
        
        Canada
        
        Arctic melting much faster and greatly affecting the Inuit population
        
        Rising sea levels threatening the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, and Beaufort Sea coasts
        
        More extreme weather
        
        Fort McMurray wildfire in 2016
        
        Frequent drought and flooding in the prairies
        
        Heatwave in southern Quebec in 2018 (54 victims)
        
        Tripling in the extent of wildfires in the Western United States especially California
        
        $24 billion in damages, 106 deaths
    - - Rise in sea levels (20cm in last 100 years)
  - - - More frequent and intense weather events
        
        More moisture evaporating, more rain, more severe rainstorms and flooding
        
        Massive rain and deluge in China, Japan, Kerala (India)
        
        Hotter, arid conditions. More heatwaves
    - - Carbon particles per million doubled since burning of coal
      - Accelerating rate of deforestation responsible for 1/3 of CO2 emissions
- - - - Helped bring awareness to climate change and place onto the international agenda
    - - Target: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
    - - UN Climate Summit Paris 2015
        
        Global agreement: Hold temperatures below 2 degrees, limit warming to 1.5 degrees
        
        Half carbon emissions by 2030. Globally carbon neutral by 2050
  - - - Housing: Insulation, no furnaces, electric stove, use appliances only when necessary, lightbulbs, etc
    - - Less meat, buy organic/local, reduce waste, grow your own where possible
    - - Take public transit, bike, car-pool, switch to electrical/hybrid vehicles, travel less
    - - Vote, support/join youth-led movements, sign/share petitions and engage in civil climate conversations
  - - - Solar energy (cheap), wind power (very effective), hydroelectricity, nuclear, etc
    - - Electrically, battery, hydrogen powered vehicles
  - - - Big polluters should be taxed more, not spared