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Chapter 12 Mind Map - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Crowdfunding, or the invitation of public investors, has emerged as a revelation in the next evolutionary step of independent filmmaking
  - - - In leading roles, minorities and women are underrepresented 2 to 1.
        
        As directors, minorities are underrepresented 2 to 1, women 8 to 1.
        
        As writers, minorities are underrepresented 3 to 1, women 4 to 1.
        
        Film studio heads are 94% White and 100% male.
  - - - Warner Brothers
        was known for producing low-budget, gritty films, Paramount for its sophisticated comedies, MGM for its glossy productions, RKO for its special effects, Fox for its biographies and musicals, Universal for its horror films, Republic for its westerns, Disney for its animation. Fast forward to the present day, and while RKO, Republic, and even the once-great MGM have alternately folded, declared bankruptcy, and had their libraries sold and acquired Warner Brothers, Fox, Paramount, Universal, and Disney remain major players, as does Columbia—though under another name, as it was acquired by Sony in 1989
        
        The concept of branding has also come a long way from the 1930s. Nowadays, it is hard to see much of a difference in what type of movie one studio makes as compared with another. The branding for the modern era, then, is more about studios being able to generate properties with
        franchise potential
  - - - The demand for content today is as high as it has ever been, and this is only the tip of the iceberg in terms of the potential for huge profits in digital media. Nowadays, this release strategy has become a common practice for smaller films, and for some movies, this has proven a highly
        successful business model. Although there are many unknowns as we gaze into the future, of one thing we can be certain: Just as it always has, the film industry will continue to change, adapt, and evolve.
  - - - The production assistant today could, in 10 years, be a studio executive, staff writer, producer, editor, or camera operator, or one of hundreds of different careers that keep the entertainment industry running. Hollywood is a union town, and virtually every job that goes into the producing a film is done through organized labor. the ‘creative’ fields, such as writers, actors, directors, and editors, are also organized into unions.And although it is difficult to join these unions, the truth is, once a person is in, it is possible to enjoy steady work
        
        This is not always the case with those in the creative unions, where separate guilds representing the
        interests of writers, actors, and directors certainly do a lot toward guaranteeing fair wages,
        as well as royalties and protections from exploitation. it is not uncommon for a writer, director, or actor to enjoy a brief string of
        success before washing out and never working again.
        
        In the past, the studio system worked well because everything was done ‘in house.’ Movie studios were
        essentially mini-cities. Every aspect, from the initiation of the screenplay to the final cut, from the
        wardrobes and makeup to the props and sets, was created on the studio lot. Even the biggest stars (as well as those rising hopefuls) would be contractually attached to a single studio. Thanks to the globalization of the entertainment industry and particularly the digitization of video, audio, and special effects, production need not all be done in the same place, and it is often much cheaper when done elsewhere.
- - - - By the 1980s, special effects in Hollywood had come a long way from the stop-motion wonders of 1933’s King Kong, stop motion was used extensively in special effects—as were model miniatures; rudimentary computer graphics; advances in animatronics and puppetry and optical special effects —though it should be noted that until CGI (computer-generated imagery) effects became commonplace in the 1990s. By the mid-1990s, CGI was on its way to becoming a fully integrated cinematic technology, as well as a
        viable art form and industry. Today, CGI can be integrated virtually seamlessly (and cost effectively) into live-action features, giving audiences a glimpse into a visual world that in the past could have been realized only in animated films, fantasy novels, and comic books.
  - - - In those early days, a silent film would be screened in an auditorium, often with an accompanying live organ that would provide both the film’s soundtrack and its sound effects. silent movies spoke a universal language that was immediately accessible to nonEnglish speakers, such as America’s growing immigrant population, as well as a global audience.