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Exercise - Coggle Diagram
Exercise
Interventions for
Adolscents
Computer tailored Eight-session HP/TM model
Health promotion/transtheoretical model
103 7th grade students. 8 session blackboard internet delivered 4, 2-3 min videos in science class. given to students in the precontemplation and contemplation stages. computer-generated tailored feedback
sessinon 7 specidifically catered to raising conscious awareness for choosing activities that are accessible and possible to perform safely outside of school to promote self awareness of lifelong opportunities for physical activity and amount of calories burned while doing the activity for 5 minutes
22-item activity log (number of sit-ups, push-ups, and heart rate)
Intervention students who completed more than half of the sessions increased moderate/vigorous exercise by an average of 22 min. Those who completed all three sessions increased activity by 33 minutes
Effective across racial group for those with the lowest income
The HP/TM constructsguiding intervention development (shown inFig. 1)included (a) increasing benefits/decreasing barriers tochange, (b) fostering access to healthy foods andopportunities for physical activity, (c) stage-tailoredfeedback, emphasizing consciousness-raising (e.g., readingfood labels) and self-reevaluation (analyzing fat grams inprevious daily intake), and (d) building self-efficacy bymodeling refusal of junk food and substituting activity forsedentary behavior with friends.
12 week at home aerobic fitness program on aerobic
fitness program with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. No prior experience with exercise training.
Developed by a physical therapist involved stretching, calisthenics, and "cool down" routine with popular music. Taught in group sessions. Each were given audio and videocassettes of routine for at home use that emphasized self motivation in maintaining training. "results of this study indicate that nonathletic adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can engage in self-motivated exercise training at home"
Common Obstacles
for Older Adults
health problems and pain emerged
self efficacy
access to exercise facilities
physicians are not regularly counseling patients about exercise. 62% of respondents said physicians gave advice on exercise
lack of knowledge of importance of exercise and disease prevention
most current physical activity programs for older adults consists of aerobic, flexibility, strength, or balance exercises that do not incorporate long-term behavior change components
Interventions for Older Adults
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theoryand Prochaska Stages of Change Theory-> design to build self efficacy
"Fit and Strong" consisted of an exercise and an educational component for behavior and lifestyle change
Classes held 3x per week for 8 weeks. Each session included 1 hour exercise followed by half hour group education
Because of strength and aerobic deficits in patients with osteoarthritis, exercise included flexibility exercises, strength training (using resistance bands and ankle cuff weights), and aerobic exercise (gradually increasing participants' tolerance for duration and intensity for aerobic walklilng). Participants developed an indicvidualized plans for ongoing adherence
Design interventions that participants can replicate on their own at home or elsewhere once formal training ends and provide systemic reinforcement
Common Obstacles
for Adolscents
Family, social environment, and peers. Because peers influence increases during adolescence, peers' contributions to adolescents' diet and exercise behaviors should be examines as potential targets for intervention
Adolescents were more likely to
engage in exercise when their peers spent more time on exercise, when they had more physically active friends
School physical education programs
Developmentally, relationships between adolescents and their parents evolve from those established in childhood, with adolescents becoming more independent from their parents over time
However parents continue to influence. Parental support, and parental diet and exercise.